Layering (finance)
Encyclopedia
Layering is a strategy in high-frequency trading
High-frequency trading
High-frequency trading is the use of sophisticated technological tools to trade securities like stocks or options, and is typically characterized by several distinguishing features:...

 where a brokerage firm
Brokerage firm
A brokerage firm, or simply brokerage or broker in context, is a financial institution that facilitates the buying and selling of financial derivatives between a buyer and a seller...

makes and then cancels orders that they never intended to carry out. It is considered a form of stock market manipulation.

Instances

In 2011 British regulators fined Swift Trade, $13.1 million for using the technique and the firm went out of business.
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