Laszlo Garai
Encyclopedia
László Garai is a Hungarian scholar of theoretical, social and economic psychology
and founding professor of the Department of Economic Psychology at the University of Szeged
.
Obtained Candidate degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
with a thesis on a specifically human basic need (1968).
Obtained Doctor of Science degree from the Hungarian Academy of Science with a thesis on social identity and paradoxes of its psychic elaboration (1988).
Nice Univ. (from 1981—social psychology)
California State Univ. (Bakersfield and San Bernardino, 1990—economic psychology)
University of Szeged (formerly: Attila Jozsef Univ. – 1994-2005; from 1997 – prof. of economic psychology; 1997-2000 – head of Dept of Economic Psychology he founded)
of Alexei Leontiev.
He won a Keldysh Scholarship (post doctoral scholarship founded by Keldysh
, president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, to support joint Soviet-Hungarian academic research projects) to the Department of scientific discoveries’ psychology in the Institute for History of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Soviet Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 1969-1970)). There Garai studied simultaneous scientific discoveries (such as that
of Bolyai
and Lobachevsky).
In 1970 dr. Garai founded in the Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences a research unit that became the first in Hungary research team of economic psychology and a center of Vygotskian theoretical research [3]. Head of that department (1971-79) and research advisor (1998-2002). He worked at the Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale (Paris, 1971, 1973 and 1977) and directed psycho-economic research supported by the National Scientific Research Foundation (1990-2005).
László Garai was a member of the Advisory board of the Hungarian Ministry of Finance
. He is on the editiorial board of the Journal of Russian and East European Psychology..
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
and founding professor of the Department of Economic Psychology at the University of Szeged
University of Szeged
The University of Szeged is one of Hungary's most distinguished universities, and is among the most prominent higher education institutions in Central Europe...
.
Curriculum vitæ
Graduated in philosophy and psychology from the Faculty of Arts of Budapest University (1959).Obtained Candidate degree from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
The Hungarian Academy of Sciences is the most important and prestigious learned society of Hungary. Its seat is at the bank of the Danube in Budapest.-History:...
with a thesis on a specifically human basic need (1968).
Obtained Doctor of Science degree from the Hungarian Academy of Science with a thesis on social identity and paradoxes of its psychic elaboration (1988).
Teaching
Moscow State Univ. (1969—theoretical psychology)Nice Univ. (from 1981—social psychology)
California State Univ. (Bakersfield and San Bernardino, 1990—economic psychology)
University of Szeged (formerly: Attila Jozsef Univ. – 1994-2005; from 1997 – prof. of economic psychology; 1997-2000 – head of Dept of Economic Psychology he founded)
Professional work
László Garai started his career as editor at the Encyclopaedia Department of the Hungarian academic publishing house Akadémiai Kiadó. After the defence of his thesis above on specifically basic human need, he concluded this research as a fellow of the Institute for Philosophy of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (1964–1971). According to his hypothesis, a paradoxical need for a needfree activity is specific for humans and substantial for their other needs. The structure of the hypothesized need is isomorphic with that of the work considered as a "specifically human basic activity" and defined as that of arranging in one and the same structure ends and means[4]". The hypothesis is based on the activity theoryActivity theory
Activity theory is a psychological meta-theory, paradigm, or theoretical framework, with its roots in Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky's cultural-historical psychology. Its founders were Alexei N...
of Alexei Leontiev.
He won a Keldysh Scholarship (post doctoral scholarship founded by Keldysh
Mstislav Keldysh
Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh was a Soviet scientist in the field of mathematics and mechanics, academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences , President of the USSR Academy of Sciences , three times Hero of Socialist Labor , fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh . He was one of the key figures...
, president of the USSR Academy of Sciences, to support joint Soviet-Hungarian academic research projects) to the Department of scientific discoveries’ psychology in the Institute for History of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Soviet Academy of Sciences (Moscow, 1969-1970)). There Garai studied simultaneous scientific discoveries (such as that
Non-Euclidean geometry
Non-Euclidean geometry is the term used to refer to two specific geometries which are, loosely speaking, obtained by negating the Euclidean parallel postulate, namely hyperbolic and elliptic geometry. This is one term which, for historical reasons, has a meaning in mathematics which is much...
of Bolyai
János Bolyai
János Bolyai was a Hungarian mathematician, known for his work in non-Euclidean geometry.Bolyai was born in the Transylvanian town of Kolozsvár , then part of the Habsburg Empire , the son of Zsuzsanna Benkő and the well-known mathematician Farkas Bolyai.-Life:By the age of 13, he had mastered...
and Lobachevsky).
In 1970 dr. Garai founded in the Institute for Psychology of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences a research unit that became the first in Hungary research team of economic psychology and a center of Vygotskian theoretical research [3]. Head of that department (1971-79) and research advisor (1998-2002). He worked at the Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale (Paris, 1971, 1973 and 1977) and directed psycho-economic research supported by the National Scientific Research Foundation (1990-2005).
László Garai was a member of the Advisory board of the Hungarian Ministry of Finance
Minister of Finance of Hungary
This page is a list of Ministers of Finance of Hungary. The ministry abolished on 29 May 2010.-Ministers of Finance, 1848-2010:-Hungarian Revolution of 1848:-Austria-Hungary:-Hungarian Democratic Republic :...
. He is on the editiorial board of the Journal of Russian and East European Psychology..
Selected publications
- 1966 : Problèmes des besoins spécifiquement humains. Récherches Internationales: Psychologie. [Paris] 9. (51). 42-60.
- 1966 : Историко-материалистический подход к проблеме специфически-человеческих потребностей (The problem of the specifically human needs approached by historical materialism). Вопросы психологии (Voprosy Psikhology). 3. 61-73.
- 1968 : Las necesidades específicamente humanas In: A. Luria, A. Massucco Costa, R. Zazzo and B. Teplov: Problemática científica de la psicología actual. Editorial Orbelus. Buenos Aires. 63-85)
- 1969 : Személyiségdinamika és társadalmi lét (Personality dynamics and social existence). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó [Academic Press]; 231 p. -- Review: F. Erős: Personality Dynamics and Social Existence, by L. Garai. European Journal of Social Psychology. 4/3 [1974]. pp. 369–379
- 1969 : La régulation communicative de la relation sociale et le devenir conscient des contenus de mémoire. In: J. Janousek (szerk.): Experimental social psychology: Papers and reports from the International Conference on Social Psychology: Institute of Psychology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Prague, 1969.
- 1971 : Hypothesis on the Motivation of Scientific Creativity. XIII International Congress of the History of Science. USSR, Moscow, August 18–24, 1971. "Nauka" Publishing House. M., 224-233.
- 1971 : Гипотеза о мотивации научного творчества (Hypothesis on the Motivation of Scientific Creativity). 13-ый Международный конгресс по истории науки. СССР, Moсквa, 18-24-гo aвгустa 1971-го года (XIII International Congress of the History of Science. USSR, Moscow, August 18–24, 1971. Мoсквa: Изд. «Наука» ("Nauka" Publishing House. Moscow.)
- 1973 : Strength and Weakness of Psychological Science. International Social Science Journal. 25. 447-460.
- 1973 : La puissance et l'impuissance de la science psychologique. Revue Internationale des Sciences Sociales. 25. 491-504.
- 1978 (with F. Eros) : "Marx's social theory and the concept of man in social psychology". Studia Psychologica. 20: 5-10
- 1979 (with F. Eros, K. Járó, M. Köcski, S. Veres) : "Towards a Social Psychology of Personality: Development and Current Perspectives of a School of Social Psychology in Hungary". Social Science Information. 1: 137-166
- 1980 Szabadságszükséglet és esztétikum (The need for freedom and the aesthetics) Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó [Academic Press]; 160 p.
- 1981 : Les paradoxes de la catégorisation sociale. Recherches de Psychologie Sociale. 3. 131-141.
- 1983 : "Marxian Personality Psychology". In: Rom Harré, Roger Lamb, eds., The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 364-366
- 1984 : Vers une théorie psychoéconomique de l'identité sociale. Recherches Sociologiques. 313-335.
- 1985 : Thesis on the Brain, Meaning and Dualism. Studia Psychologica. 27. 2. 157-168.
- 1986 : Social Identity: Cognitive Dissonance or Paradoxe? New Ideas in Psychology. 4:3. 311-322.
- 1987 : "Determining economic activity in a post-capitalist system". Journal of Economic Psychology. 8: 77-90
- 1988 : Activity theory and social relations theory (társszerzô: Köcski Margit). In: Hildebrand-Nielsohn, M. and Rückriem, G. (eds): Proceeding of the 1stInternational Congress on Activity Theory. Vol. 1. Berlin: Druck und Verlag System Druck. 119-129.
- 1988 : Alkotáspszichológia felé: Esettanulmány József Attiláról (Toward a creativity psychology: A case study on Attila Jozsef). Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia (Hungarian Academy of Sciences)
- 1988 : "The case of Attila József: A reply to Gustav JahodaGustav JahodaGustav Jahoda was born in Vienna; he was educated in Vienna, then subsequently in Paris and London. He studied sociology and psychology at London University before obtaining a lectureship in social psychology at the University of Manchester...
" in New Ideas in Psychology 6:2. 213-217. - 1990 : "...kis pénz - kis foci"? Egy gazdaságpszichológia megalapozása. Budapest: Hungarian Economic Society.
- 1991 (with M. Kocski) : "Positivist and hermeneutic principles in psychology: activity and social categorisation". Studies in Soviet Thought. 42: 123-135 preview
- 1993 : "...elvegyültem és kiváltam": Társadalomlélektani esszé az identitásról. Budapest: T-Twins
- 1995 : Quo vadis, tovaris? A modernizáció útjáról és a rajta vándorló emberrôl. Budapest: Scientia Humana
- 1998 : Emberi potenciál mint tôke: bevezetés a gazdaságpszichológiába. Budapest: Aula Kiadó
- 1998 (with P. Popper) : Sajtópszichológia. Budapest: MÚOSz Bálint György Újságíró Akadémia
- 2003 : Identitásgazdaságtan: gazdaságpszichológia másképpen. Budapest: Tas
- 2005 : József Attila identitásai: alkotáspszichológiai esettanulmány. Budapest: Magyar Filmtörténeti Fotógyűjtemény Alapítvány