Lacrimal apparatus
Encyclopedia
The lacrimal apparatus is the physiologic system containing the orbital structures for tear
Tear
Tear may refer to:*Tears, a type of eye secretion*Tearing, the ripping apart of something by force*Robert Tear, a Welsh singer-Elements in fiction:*Tear, a character Tear Grants in video game Tales of the Abyss...

 production and drainage.
It consists of:
  • (a) the lacrimal gland
    Lacrimal gland
    The lacrimal glands are paired almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film. They are situated in the upper, outer portion of each orbit, in the lacrimal fossa of the orbit formed by the frontal bone. Inflammation of the lacrimal glands is called...

    , which secretes the tear
    Tear
    Tear may refer to:*Tears, a type of eye secretion*Tearing, the ripping apart of something by force*Robert Tear, a Welsh singer-Elements in fiction:*Tear, a character Tear Grants in video game Tales of the Abyss...

    s, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye
    Human eye
    The human eye is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes. As a conscious sense organ, the eye allows vision. Rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision including color differentiation and the perception of depth...

    ;
  • (b) the lacrimal canaliculi
    Lacrimal canaliculi
    The lacrimal canaliculi, also known as the lacrimal canals or lacrimal ducts, are the small channels in each eyelid that commence at minute orifices, termed puncta lacrimalia, on the summits of the papillae lacrimales, seen on the margins of the lids at the lateral extremity of the lacus...

    , the lacrimal sac
    Lacrimal sac
    The lacrimal sac is the upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct, and is lodged in a deep groove formed by the lacrimal bone and frontal process of the maxilla...

    , and the nasolacrimal duct
    Nasolacrimal duct
    The nasolacrimal duct carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Excess tears flow through nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior nasal meatus...

    , by which the fluid is conveyed into the cavity of the nose
    Human nose
    The visible part of the human nose is the protruding part of the face that bears the nostrils. The shape of the nose is determined by the ethmoid bone and the nasal septum, which consists mostly of cartilage and which separates the nostrils...

    , emptying anterioinferiorly to the inferior nasal conchae at the nasolacrimal duct.
  • (c) the nerve supply of lacrimal apparatus done by carotid plexuse of nerves along artery internal and external sympathetically but parasympathetic from lacrimal nucleus of the facial nerve

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