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A file system is a means to organize data expected to be retained after a program terminates by providing procedures to store, retrieve and update data, as well as manage the available space on the device which contain it. A file system organizes data in an efficient manner and is tuned to the...
An operating system is a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide common services for application software. The operating system is the most important type of system software in a computer system...
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A hard disk drive is a non-volatile, random access digital magnetic data storage device. It features rotating rigid platters on a motor-driven spindle within a protective enclosure. Data is magnetically read from and written to the platter by read/write heads that float on a film of air above the...
s. One of up to sixteen different images can be selected at boot time. Various parameters, such as the root device, can be set independently for each kernel. LILO can be placed either in the master boot record
Master boot record
A master boot record is a type of boot sector popularized by the IBM Personal Computer. It consists of a sequence of 512 bytes located at the first sector of a data storage device such as a hard disk...
A boot sector or boot block is a region of a hard disk, floppy disk, optical disc, or other data storage device that contains machine code to be loaded into random-access memory by a computer system's built-in firmware...
of a partition. In the latter case something else must be placed in the MBR to load LILO.
In IBM PC compatible computers, the basic input/output system , also known as the System BIOS or ROM BIOS , is a de facto standard defining a firmware interface....
In computing, a device driver or software driver is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device....
are available for LILO to access hard disks. For this reason, with very old BIOS, the accessible area is limited to cylinders 0 to 1023
Cylinder 1024
Cylinder 1024 is the first cylinder of a hard disk that was inaccessible in the original IBM PC compatible hardware specification, interrupt 13h, which uses cylinder-head-sector addressing...
Logical block addressing is a common scheme used for specifying the location of blocks of data stored on computer storage devices, generally secondary storage systems such as hard disks....
" (LBA) to access practically the entire storage of all the hard disks that the BIOS allows access to.
A Linux distribution is a member of the family of Unix-like operating systems built on top of the Linux kernel. Such distributions are operating systems including a large collection of software applications such as word processors, spreadsheets, media players, and database applications...
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as the default boot loader.
lilo.conf
The lilo.conf file is typically located at /etc/lilo.conf. Within lilo.conf there are typically two section types. The first section, which defines the global options, contains parameters which specify boot location attributes. The second section(s) contain parameters associated with the operating system images to be loaded. The section type can be repeated for up to 16 different boot selections.
Definition information can be found in the LILO Manpage.
In Linux, and other Unix-like operating systems, the /boot/ file directory holds files used in booting Linux. The usage is standardized in the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard.- Contents :...
– see /boot/: LILO.
Master boot record
LILO can write a Master Boot Record on a device:
/sbin/lilo -M
Output
When LILO loads itself it displays the word “LILO”. Each letter is printed before or after some specific action. If LILO fails at some point, the letters printed so far can be used to identify the problem.
(nothing):No part of LILO has been loaded. LILO either isn't installed or the partition on which its boot sector is located isn't active. The boot media is incorrect or faulty.
L:The first stage boot loader has been loaded and started, but it can't load the second stage boot loader. The two-digit error codes indicate the type of problem. This condition usually indicates a media failure or bad disk parameters in the BIOS.
LI:The first stage boot loader was able to load the second stage boot loader, but has failed to execute it. This can be caused by bad disk parameters in the BIOS.
LIL:The second stage boot loader has been started, but it can't load the descriptor table from the map file. This is typically caused by a media failure or by bad disk parameters in the BIOS.
LIL?:The second stage boot loader has been loaded at an incorrect address. This is typically caused by bad disk parameters in the BIOS.
LIL-:The descriptor table is corrupt. This can be caused by bad disk parameters in the BIOS.
LILO:All parts of LILO have been successfully loaded.
Error codes
eg: L 01 01 01, L 07 07 07 etc..
Error code
Name
Description
0x00
Internal Error
This code is generated by the sector read routine of the LILO boot loader whenever an internal inconsistency is detected. This might be caused by corrupt files. Try re-building the map file. Another possible cause for this error are attempts to access cylinders beyond 1024 while using the LINEAR option.
0x01
Illegal Command
This shouldn't happen, but if it does, it may indicate an attempt to access a disk which is not supported by the BIOS. Definitely check to see if the disk is seen by the BIOS first (and that the BIOS detail is complete).
0x02
Address mark not found
This usually indicates a media problem. Try again several times.
0x03
Write-protected disk
This should only occur on write operations.
0x04
Sector not found
This typically indicates a geometry mismatch. If you're booting a raw-written disk image, verify whether it was created for disks with the same geometry as the one you're using. If you're booting from a SCSI disk or a large IDE disk, you should check, whether LILO has obtained correct geometry data from the kernel or whether the geometry definition corresponds to the real disk geometry. Removing COMPACT may help too. So may adding LBA32 or LINEAR.
0x06
Change line active
This should be a transient error. Try booting a second time.
0x07
Invalid initialization
The BIOS failed to properly initialize the disk controller. You should control the BIOS setup parameters. A warm boot might help too. (Boot a rescue disc and rerun LILO.)
0x08
DMA overrun
This shouldn't happen. Try booting again.
0x09
DMA attempt across 64k boundary
This shouldn't happen, but may indicate a disk geometry mis-match. Try omitting the COMPACT option. You may need to specify the disk geometry yourself.
0x0C
Invalid media
This shouldn't happen and might be caused by a media error. Try booting again.
0x10
CRC error
A media error has been detected. Try booting several times, running the map installer a second time (to put the map file at some other physical location or to write "good data" over the bad spot), mapping out the bad sectors/tracks and, if all else fails, replacing the media.
0x11
ECC correction successful
A read error occurred, but was corrected. LILO does not recognize this condition and aborts the load process anyway. A second load attempt should succeed.
0x20
Controller error
This shouldn't happen, then again, none of these errors should happen eh?
0x40
Seek failure
This might be a media problem. Try booting again.
0x80
Disk timeout
The disk or the drive isn't ready. Either the media is bad or the disk isn't spinning. If you're booting from a floppy, you might not have closed the drive door. Otherwise, trying to boot again might help.
0x99
Invalid Second Stage
Mismatch between drive and BIOS geometry, or a bad map file. Some evidence that LINEAR needs to be set on the disk (see LiloNotes)
0x9A
Can't Find Second Stage
Check to see if you have the correct device for boot, eg. boot=/dev/hda1 when it should be in the MBR i.e. boot=/dev/hda.
0xBB
BIOS error
This shouldn't happen. Try booting again. If the problem persists, removing the COMPACT option or adding/removing LINEAR or LBA32 might help.
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PC hardware the elilo boot loader was developed, originally by Hewlett Packard for IA-64 systems made, but later also for standard Intel IA-32
IA-32
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hardware with EFI support.
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