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Ashina Jieshe'er or Ashina Jiesheshuai (Chinese
: / , Pinyin
: āshǐnà jiēshèshuai, Wade-Giles
: ashihna chieh-she-shuai, Middle Chinese
(Guangyun
) ʔɑʃi̯ə˥nɑ˩ kiet.ʑi̯a˥ʃi̯ue̯t, b: ?- d. summer 639 ) was a member of the Turkic noble family Ashina
clan of Eastern Turkic khaganate and general (Zhonglangjang) of the Tang Dynasty
.
's sons and the younger brother of Ashina Shibobi, who was vassal khagan of Tang dynasty and used the title of Tölis Khan.
Tang China defeated The Eastern Turkic khaganate
and the khaganate became the vassal of Tang China in 630. During this period some Turkic nobles were enrolled in Chinese army. Ashina Jiesheshuai was among these nobles. He was planning to assassinate Taizong
.
's Emperor Taizong
(because he had falsely accused his brother Ashina Shibobi of treason, which Emperor Taizong found despicable), he formed a conspiracy with Ashina Shibobi's son Ashina Hexiangu to assassinate Emperor Taizong at his summer palace, Jiucheng Palace (九成宮, in modern Linyou County
, Shaanxi
). They had planned to wait for Li Zhi
the Prince of Jin to depart from the palace in the morning and use that opportunity to attack the palace. On the day they planned, May 19, however, Li Zhi did not leave the palace. Ashina Jiesheshuai attacked the palace anyway, engaging the palace guards, but the palace guards was supported by support troops who came outside. Ashina Jiesheshuai and his comrades went to the stable and stole some 20 horses. They ran away to the north but were arrested by pursuers near the Wei River
and killed. Ashina Hexiangu was exiled to Lingbiao.
After this incident, however, the officials began advocating sending Turks (or Tujue as they were known to the Chinese) away from the heart of the state. In fall 639, Emperor Taizong created a Göktürk-Tujue prince who had served him faithfully, Li Simo (né Ashina Simo) as the khan
of a newly recreated Eastern Tujue state (as Qilibi Khan
), giving him all of the Tujue and Hu
who had surrendered as his subordinates, to be settled north of the Great Wall and the Yellow River. However, the Tujue people were fearful of Xueyantuo
and initially refused to head to their new location. Emperor Taizong issued an edict to Xueyantuo's khan Yi'nan
that he and Li Simo keep their peace and not attack each other, and after receiving from Yi'nan the assurance that he would not attack, the Tujue people advanced to the new location.
they revolted against Tang dynasty and re-established Eastern Turkic khaganate.
(Çuluk Han).
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
: / , Pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
: āshǐnà jiēshèshuai, Wade-Giles
Wade-Giles
Wade–Giles , sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a romanization system for the Mandarin Chinese language. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Wade during the mid-19th century , and was given completed form with Herbert Giles' Chinese–English dictionary of 1892.Wade–Giles was the most...
: ashihna chieh-she-shuai, Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese , also called Ancient Chinese by the linguist Bernhard Karlgren, refers to the Chinese language spoken during Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties...
(Guangyun
Guangyun
The Guangyun is a Chinese rime dictionary that was compiled from 1007 to 1008 under the auspices of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Chen Pengnian and Qiu Yong were the chief editors....
) ʔɑʃi̯ə˥nɑ˩ kiet.ʑi̯a˥ʃi̯ue̯t, b: ?- d. summer 639 ) was a member of the Turkic noble family Ashina
Ashina
Ashina was a tribe and the ruling dynasty of the ancient Turks who rose to prominence in the mid-6th century when their leader, Bumin Khan, revolted against the Rouran...
clan of Eastern Turkic khaganate and general (Zhonglangjang) of the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
.
Background
He is one of Shibi KhanShibi Khan
Shibi Khagan , 611 - 619 AD, succeeded Qimin Khan as the ninth khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate...
's sons and the younger brother of Ashina Shibobi, who was vassal khagan of Tang dynasty and used the title of Tölis Khan.
Tang China defeated The Eastern Turkic khaganate
Göktürks
The Göktürks or Kök Türks, were a nomadic confederation of peoples in medieval Inner Asia. Known in Chinese sources as 突厥 , the Göktürks under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan The Göktürks or Kök Türks, (Old Turkic: Türük or Kök Türük or Türük; Celestial Turks) were a nomadic confederation of...
and the khaganate became the vassal of Tang China in 630. During this period some Turkic nobles were enrolled in Chinese army. Ashina Jiesheshuai was among these nobles. He was planning to assassinate Taizong
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Emperor Taizong of Tang , personal name Lǐ Shìmín , was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649...
.
Jiucheng Palace raid
By summer 639, as Ashina Jiesheshuai had not been favored by Tang DynastyTang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
's Emperor Taizong
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Emperor Taizong of Tang , personal name Lǐ Shìmín , was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China, ruling from 626 to 649...
(because he had falsely accused his brother Ashina Shibobi of treason, which Emperor Taizong found despicable), he formed a conspiracy with Ashina Shibobi's son Ashina Hexiangu to assassinate Emperor Taizong at his summer palace, Jiucheng Palace (九成宮, in modern Linyou County
Linyou County
Linyou County is a county of Baoji, Shaanxi, China....
, Shaanxi
Shaanxi
' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province...
). They had planned to wait for Li Zhi
Emperor Gaozong of Tang
Emperor Gaozong of Tang , personal name Li Zhi , was the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683...
the Prince of Jin to depart from the palace in the morning and use that opportunity to attack the palace. On the day they planned, May 19, however, Li Zhi did not leave the palace. Ashina Jiesheshuai attacked the palace anyway, engaging the palace guards, but the palace guards was supported by support troops who came outside. Ashina Jiesheshuai and his comrades went to the stable and stole some 20 horses. They ran away to the north but were arrested by pursuers near the Wei River
Wei River
The Wei River is a major river in west-central China's Gansu and Shaanxi provinces. It is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and very important in the early development of Chinese civilization....
and killed. Ashina Hexiangu was exiled to Lingbiao.
After this incident, however, the officials began advocating sending Turks (or Tujue as they were known to the Chinese) away from the heart of the state. In fall 639, Emperor Taizong created a Göktürk-Tujue prince who had served him faithfully, Li Simo (né Ashina Simo) as the khan
Khan (title)
Khan is an originally Altaic and subsequently Central Asian title for a sovereign or military ruler, widely used by medieval nomadic Turko-Mongol tribes living to the north of China. 'Khan' is also seen as a title in the Xianbei confederation for their chief between 283 and 289...
of a newly recreated Eastern Tujue state (as Qilibi Khan
Qilibi Khan
Qilibi Khan , personal name Ashina Simo , Qilibi Khan (Chinese: 俟力苾可汗, (Pinyin): qílìbié kěhàn, (Wade-Giles): ch'i-li-pi k'o-han, Middle Chinese: (Guangyun) , d. 645?), personal name Ashina Simo (阿史那思摩), Qilibi Khan (Chinese: 俟力苾可汗, (Pinyin): qílìbié kěhàn, (Wade-Giles): ch'i-li-pi k'o-han, Middle...
), giving him all of the Tujue and Hu
Ethnic groups in Chinese history
Ethnic groups in Chinese history refer to various or presumed ethnicities of significance to the history of China, gathered through the study of Classical Chinese literature, Chinese and non-Chinese literary sources and inscriptions, historical linguistics, and archaeological research.Among the...
who had surrendered as his subordinates, to be settled north of the Great Wall and the Yellow River. However, the Tujue people were fearful of Xueyantuo
Xueyantuo
The Xueyantuo ' or Syr-Tardush were an ancient Tiele people and khanate in central/northern Asia who were at one point vassals of the Gokturks, later aligning with China's Tang Dynasty against the Eastern Gokturks....
and initially refused to head to their new location. Emperor Taizong issued an edict to Xueyantuo's khan Yi'nan
Zhenzhu Khan
Zhenzhu Khan , personal name Yi'nan , full regal title Zhenzhupiqie Khan , was a khan of Xueyantuo, under whom Xueyantuo rose from being a vassal of Eastern Tujue to a mighty khanate ruling over northern/central Asia...
that he and Li Simo keep their peace and not attack each other, and after receiving from Yi'nan the assurance that he would not attack, the Tujue people advanced to the new location.
Aftermath
Jiesheshuai's attempted rebellion was unsuccessful. But in 681681
Year 681 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 681 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.- Byzantine Empire :* The Bulgars under Asparukh win...
they revolted against Tang dynasty and re-established Eastern Turkic khaganate.
Cultural influences
A prominent Turkish nationalist Nihal Atsız used some characteristics of Ashina Jiesheshuai for a fictional character named Kür Şad in the novel Bozkurtların Ölümü (The deaths of gray wolves). However in the novel, the father of Kürşad is not Shibi Khan but Chuluo KhanChuluo Khan
Chulo Khagan was the khagan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, and second son of Qimin, former title: Ilteber Shad . He succeeded his elder brother Shibi and ruled for 18 months...
(Çuluk Han).