Kultusministerkonferenz
Encyclopedia
The Kultusministerkonferenz (literally culture minister conference - state conference on education and media) is the assembly of ministers for education of each Bundesland
state in Germany. The body is not part of the federal government however its directives effectively constitute nationwide law.
The full title of the Kultusministerkonferenz is "Ständige Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (Permanent Conference of the Ministers for Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany
) but in most occasions it called Kultusministerkonferenz abbreviated as KMK. The assembly was founded under the name of „Konferenz der deutschen Erziehungsminister“ (literally Conference of the German ministers for education) in 1948 which is even before the foundation of the German post-war republic.
Today it is the voluntary assembly of the designated state ministers for education, formation and research. Funded by the states there are a number of KMK offices and committees - there are currently 220 positions based on a finance of 50 Million Euro. There are three main branches of "Schulausschuss" (school formation committee for primary and secondary education), "Hochschulausschuss" (academic formation committee for universities and tertiary education) and "Kulturausschuss" (cultural aspects committee for media and arts). These are subdivied into 16 subcommittees and a number of working groups. Furthermore five commissioner offices are funded being the "Amtschef-Kommission Qualitätssicherung in Schulen" (commissioner office for quality control in school formation), "Amtschef-Kommission Qualitätssicherung in Hochschulen" (commissioner office for quality control in academic formation), "Kommission für Europäische und Internationale Angelegenheiten" (commissioner office for European and international affairs), "Kommission für Statistik" (commissioner office for statistics) and "Kommission Sport" (commissioner office for sports).
The KMK is special in the way that there is no federal legislation for education in Germany - while the German constitution does not know about enumerated powers
(see article 30 of the Grundgesetz) it stipulates a special Kulturhoheit der Länder (sovereignty of the Länder in terms of cultural aspects). Other voluntary state conferences are paralleled on the federal level like the Innenministerkonferenz (the assembly of ministers for police and security - executive branch) and Justizministerkonferenz (the assembly of ministers for justice - judicial branch) where federal law overrules state law. The KMK state directives however will overrule federal regulations which makes for the importance of the Kultusministerkonferenz in the political system of Germany - in most cases the federal minister for education will place joint committees with the KMK where the created law to take the form of a Staatsvertrag (state treaty passed by the state governments).
In the course of the Förderalismusreform (reform of the responsibilities between federal government and state länder) in the years 2003 to 2006 the structure of the Kultusministerkonferenz was under dispute as well. This led the state of Lower Saxony to leave the Kultusministerkonferenz in September 2004 coming back to the KMK in December 2004 after resolutions that had led to lower the funding of the KMK offices by 20%. However in the last years the KMK was given extra funding to support PISA
studies and the reform of the academic system in the Bologna process
.
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
state in Germany. The body is not part of the federal government however its directives effectively constitute nationwide law.
The full title of the Kultusministerkonferenz is "Ständige Konferenz der Kultusminister der Länder in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" (Permanent Conference of the Ministers for Education and Cultural Affairs of the Länder of the Federal Republic of Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
) but in most occasions it called Kultusministerkonferenz abbreviated as KMK. The assembly was founded under the name of „Konferenz der deutschen Erziehungsminister“ (literally Conference of the German ministers for education) in 1948 which is even before the foundation of the German post-war republic.
Today it is the voluntary assembly of the designated state ministers for education, formation and research. Funded by the states there are a number of KMK offices and committees - there are currently 220 positions based on a finance of 50 Million Euro. There are three main branches of "Schulausschuss" (school formation committee for primary and secondary education), "Hochschulausschuss" (academic formation committee for universities and tertiary education) and "Kulturausschuss" (cultural aspects committee for media and arts). These are subdivied into 16 subcommittees and a number of working groups. Furthermore five commissioner offices are funded being the "Amtschef-Kommission Qualitätssicherung in Schulen" (commissioner office for quality control in school formation), "Amtschef-Kommission Qualitätssicherung in Hochschulen" (commissioner office for quality control in academic formation), "Kommission für Europäische und Internationale Angelegenheiten" (commissioner office for European and international affairs), "Kommission für Statistik" (commissioner office for statistics) and "Kommission Sport" (commissioner office for sports).
The KMK is special in the way that there is no federal legislation for education in Germany - while the German constitution does not know about enumerated powers
Enumerated powers
The enumerated powers are a list of items found in Article I, section 8 of the US Constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of the United States Congress. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to explicit restrictions in the Bill of...
(see article 30 of the Grundgesetz) it stipulates a special Kulturhoheit der Länder (sovereignty of the Länder in terms of cultural aspects). Other voluntary state conferences are paralleled on the federal level like the Innenministerkonferenz (the assembly of ministers for police and security - executive branch) and Justizministerkonferenz (the assembly of ministers for justice - judicial branch) where federal law overrules state law. The KMK state directives however will overrule federal regulations which makes for the importance of the Kultusministerkonferenz in the political system of Germany - in most cases the federal minister for education will place joint committees with the KMK where the created law to take the form of a Staatsvertrag (state treaty passed by the state governments).
In the course of the Förderalismusreform (reform of the responsibilities between federal government and state länder) in the years 2003 to 2006 the structure of the Kultusministerkonferenz was under dispute as well. This led the state of Lower Saxony to leave the Kultusministerkonferenz in September 2004 coming back to the KMK in December 2004 after resolutions that had led to lower the funding of the KMK offices by 20%. However in the last years the KMK was given extra funding to support PISA
Pisa
Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa...
studies and the reform of the academic system in the Bologna process
Bologna process
The purpose of the Bologna Process is the creation of the European Higher Education Area by making academic degree standards and quality assurance standards more comparable and compatible throughout Europe, in particular under the Lisbon Recognition Convention...
.
See also
- German orthography reform of 1996 - legal status
- RundfunkstaatsvertragRundfunkstaatsvertragThe Rundfunkstaatsvertrag is the nationwide law for radio station and television licensing in the Federal Republic of Germany...
on regulations in Television and News - Educational accreditation in Germany and WissenschaftsratWissenschaftsratThe Wissenschaftsrat is an advisory body to the German Federal Government and the state governments. It makes recommendations on the development of science, research, and the universities, as well as on the competitiveness of German science...