Karin Sowada
Encyclopedia
Karin Nicole Sowada is an Australia
n archaeologist and former politician. She served two years as an Australian Democrats
senator
for New South Wales
between 1991 and 1993, filling the casual vacancy created by the resignation of Paul McLean
. Defeated at the 1993 election, she briefly returned to public life in 1998 as a republican delegate to the Constitutional Convention
that led to the 1999 Australian republic referendum. Sowada served as the assistant curator of the Nicholson Museum
at the University of Sydney
between 1996 and 2005. Karin is a researcher in Egyptian archaeology with Macquarie University
in Sydney and is a specialist in the foreign relations of Egypt and the Near East during the Bronze Age
. She also works as Chief Executive Officer of the Anglican Deaconess Institution Sydney Limited.
to Swiss and English immigrant parents. She went to Bronte Public School and Randwick North High School and started her working life as a strapper in the thoroughbred horse racing industry. Sowada briefly worked as an insurance broker before commencing a degree in archaeology at the University of Sydney
in 1985, specialised in classical and near Eastern topics.
In 1982, Sowada joined the Australian Democrats
. She stood for public office the following year at the age of 21, when she was selected as the Democrat candidate for the House of Representatives
seat of Phillip
at the 1983 election
, polling 2.8% of the vote. She was again the Democrat candidate when then Prime Minister
Bob Hawke
called a double dissolution
election in 1984, and improved her vote, gaining 5.5%. Sowada made a final bid for the seat at the 1987 election. The Democrats were polling well federally at the time, and her campaign received some media attention, resulting in her polling 6.8% of the vote, which gained her some attention within the party in advance of her 1990 Senate bid.
. She remained active in the party, however, and served as the Democrat campaign manager for the 1988 NSW State election and minor by-elections. Sowada then shifted her attention to the Senate, and managed to gain second place on the New South Wales Senate ticket for the 1990 election, behind Vicki Bourne
. However, minor parties rarely achieve more than one Senate quota
per state, and Sowada had virtually no chance of being elected.
Having failed in four bids for public office, Sowada had little expectation of serving in federal politics by 1991. She was undertaking a postgraduate degree at the University of Sydney
and married her fiancé, Democrat staffer Armon Hicks in July, 1991. Five weeks later, however, a casual Senate vacancy arose for which she was nominated by the party. Prominent anti-nuclear campaigner Helen Caldicott
had also sought the position but party rules favoured Karin since she had been No. 2 candidate at the preceding Senate election. She was, at the time, the youngest female senator in history (a distinction which later passed to Natasha Stott Despoja
).
Her accession to the Senate was a direct consequence of the ambush of leader Janet Powell
by the Democrats' national executive and party room, leading to her replacement by John Coulter. The senator for NSW, Paul McLean
had resigned his seat in disgust after Coulter's speech condemning the performance of his leader. It was also reported that Cheryl Kernot (the alleged architect of the coup) believed she had an understanding with McLean that he would back her for the deputy's post. "Instead he quit politics altogether, concluding after the campaign against Powell that he did not have enough of the jugular instinct."
movement – in September, she became the first female politician and first Democrat to address the biennial congress of the Australian Council of Trade Unions
– it also sparked a major clash with party founder Don Chipp
, who threatened to resign from the party because of the direction the party was taking with Sowada in charge of industrial relations. Coulter appeared to take notice of Chipp's criticism when he officially took over as leader in October, as Sowada lost the industrial relations portfolio in the subsequent reshuffle. Soon after, she crossed the floor to vote with the opposition Liberal Party
against a move to ban political advertising during elections. This was to be the first of several clashes between the federal party leadership and Sowada and her ally, New South Wales state parliamentary leader Elisabeth Kirkby
.
In November 1991, the High Court of Australia
decided Sykes v Cleary, which had significant ramifications for members of parliament with dual citizenship. While Sowada was born in Australia, she had automatically inherited Swiss citizenship from her Swiss father, which may have disqualified her from parliamentary office. However, this possibility was avoided since she had married an Australian citizen five weeks before her Senate appointment.
Sowada spent the 1991-92 summer recess in an archaeological dig in Jordan
, and kept a lower profile when she returned for the first sitting of 1992. She helped to set up a mentoring program for the intellectually disabled in Sydney
, and was assigned the services of then student politician Natasha Stott Despoja
as a staffer by leader John Coulter.
In June 1992, Sowada accused her party of neglecting its traditional focus on social issues to concentrate on environmental issues under Coulter, a noted environmentalist. An annoyed federal executive retaliated by criticising Sowada and Kirkby's handling of the New South Wales branch of the party, leading to a divisive spat in the media. Two months later, Sowada was the only Democrat senator to express concern at the resignation of the deposed former leader Janet Powell
from the party.
She was very active in the education debate, which had taken centre stage owing to the draconian tertiary-education reforms initiated by former Hawke education minister, John Dawkins
. She fought a pitched campaign against the government and Labor opposition over re-introduction of fees for university students and the declining quality and chronic under-funding of the higher education and post-secondary training sector. In addition, she spent much of 1992 working on youth issues, particularly in her role as a member of the Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Training, where she initiated an inquiry into high levels of youth unemployment.
Sowada faced her first and only electoral test at the 1993 election. After a month-long count, she was defeated by the National Party's
Sandy Macdonald
.
delegate to the Constitutional Convention
on whether Australia should become a republic. She received the easily winnable fourth spot on the movement's ticket and was elected to the convention. Sowada became a prominent spokesperson for the Australian Republican Movement during the convention, vigorously opposing direct election of the president and supporting the movement's sometimes-controversial leader, Malcolm Turnbull
. She acted as chief 'numbers man' for the ARM during the Convention.
After intense negotiations between the various factions, the Constitutional Convention finally resulted in the approval of a republic model to be voted upon at the 1999 referendum. As one of its strongest supporters, Sowada was appointed to a three-person committee directing the official "Yes" campaign, along with Liberal Party
figure Andrew Robb
(now an MP) and Peter Barron, a Labor Party adviser. The campaign ultimately proved unsuccessful with the defeat of the referendum, however, and Sowada faded out of the spotlight rather than become involved in the subsequent recriminations. She was briefly mentioned as a potential successor to Turnbull as Australian Republican Movement chairperson after his 1999 resignation, but nothing came of this, and she once again returned to academia.
at Sydney University. She had her first child, Kate Euginie Maria Sowada Hicks, in 1997, by which time she had largely settled into academia.
Sowada gained her PhD in in Egyptian archaeology from the University of Sydney in May 2002. She maintains an active program of archeological fieldwork and research in Egypt and Jordan and is well-published in scholarly books, academic journals and popular magazines. She has also lectured widely around Australia and often appears as a media commentator on archaeology and Egyptology. In her former academic role as curator of the Nicholson Museum, Sowada often acted as a media representative after various discoveries, such as during the scientific testing of several mummies in the museum's collection in 1998, and after the 2005 find of long-lost graphic impressions (squeezes) made by Nicholson
. Sowada remains active in the Anglican community but has presented a lower profile since 2000. She had a second child, Lily Margret Sowada Hicks, in 2004.
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
n archaeologist and former politician. She served two years as an Australian Democrats
Australian Democrats
The Australian Democrats is an Australian political party espousing a socially liberal ideology. It was formed in 1977, by a merger of the Australia Party and the New LM, after principals of those minor parties secured the commitment of former Liberal minister Don Chipp, as a high profile leader...
senator
Australian Senate
The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Australia, the lower house being the House of Representatives. Senators are popularly elected under a system of proportional representation. Senators are elected for a term that is usually six years; after a double dissolution, however,...
for New South Wales
New South Wales
New South Wales is a state of :Australia, located in the east of the country. It is bordered by Queensland, Victoria and South Australia to the north, south and west respectively. To the east, the state is bordered by the Tasman Sea, which forms part of the Pacific Ocean. New South Wales...
between 1991 and 1993, filling the casual vacancy created by the resignation of Paul McLean
Paul McLean (Australian politician)
Paul Alexander McLean is an Australian advocate of banking reform and former Australian Democrats senator for New South Wales ....
. Defeated at the 1993 election, she briefly returned to public life in 1998 as a republican delegate to the Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention (Australia)
In Australian history, the term Constitutional Convention refers to four distinct gatherings.-1891 convention:The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. There...
that led to the 1999 Australian republic referendum. Sowada served as the assistant curator of the Nicholson Museum
Nicholson Museum
The Nicholson Museum is a museum of antiquities at the University of Sydney. Founded in 1860, it is home to the largest collection of antiquities in both Australia and the Southern Hemisphere...
at the University of Sydney
University of Sydney
The University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...
between 1996 and 2005. Karin is a researcher in Egyptian archaeology with Macquarie University
Macquarie University
Macquarie University is an Australian public teaching and research university located in Sydney, with its main campus situated in Macquarie Park. Founded in 1964 by the New South Wales Government, it was the third university to be established in the metropolitan area of Sydney...
in Sydney and is a specialist in the foreign relations of Egypt and the Near East during the Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
. She also works as Chief Executive Officer of the Anglican Deaconess Institution Sydney Limited.
Early life and political campaigns
Sowada was born in SydneySydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
to Swiss and English immigrant parents. She went to Bronte Public School and Randwick North High School and started her working life as a strapper in the thoroughbred horse racing industry. Sowada briefly worked as an insurance broker before commencing a degree in archaeology at the University of Sydney
University of Sydney
The University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...
in 1985, specialised in classical and near Eastern topics.
In 1982, Sowada joined the Australian Democrats
Australian Democrats
The Australian Democrats is an Australian political party espousing a socially liberal ideology. It was formed in 1977, by a merger of the Australia Party and the New LM, after principals of those minor parties secured the commitment of former Liberal minister Don Chipp, as a high profile leader...
. She stood for public office the following year at the age of 21, when she was selected as the Democrat candidate for the House of Representatives
Australian House of Representatives
The House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia; it is the lower house; the upper house is the Senate. Members of Parliament serve for terms of approximately three years....
seat of Phillip
Division of Phillip
The Division of Phillip was an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. It was located in the Sydney's eastern suburbs, and was named after Captain Arthur Phillip, captain of the First Fleet and first Governor of New South Wales...
at the 1983 election
Australian federal election, 1983
Federal elections were held in Australia on 5 March 1983. All 125 seats in the House of Representatives, and all 64 seats in the Senate, were up for election, following a double dissolution...
, polling 2.8% of the vote. She was again the Democrat candidate when then Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Australia
The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
Bob Hawke
Bob Hawke
Robert James Lee "Bob" Hawke AC GCL was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia from March 1983 to December 1991 and therefore longest serving Australian Labor Party Prime Minister....
called a double dissolution
Double dissolution
A double dissolution is a procedure permitted under the Australian Constitution to resolve deadlocks between the House of Representatives and the Senate....
election in 1984, and improved her vote, gaining 5.5%. Sowada made a final bid for the seat at the 1987 election. The Democrats were polling well federally at the time, and her campaign received some media attention, resulting in her polling 6.8% of the vote, which gained her some attention within the party in advance of her 1990 Senate bid.
Appointment to the Senate
By 1990, Sowada had graduated from university and was working as an archaeologist, having taken several trips to the Middle EastMiddle East
The Middle East is a region that encompasses Western Asia and Northern Africa. It is often used as a synonym for Near East, in opposition to Far East...
. She remained active in the party, however, and served as the Democrat campaign manager for the 1988 NSW State election and minor by-elections. Sowada then shifted her attention to the Senate, and managed to gain second place on the New South Wales Senate ticket for the 1990 election, behind Vicki Bourne
Vicki Bourne
Vicki Worrall Bourne is a former Australian Democrats Senator for New South Wales from 1990 to 2002.Bourne was born in Sydney; she attended the selective High School, Fort Street, and then UNSW where she obtained a BSc and MSc...
. However, minor parties rarely achieve more than one Senate quota
Droop Quota
The Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the Single Transferable Vote system. It is also sometimes used in elections held under the largest remainder method of party-list proportional representation . In an STV election the quota is the minimum number of votes a...
per state, and Sowada had virtually no chance of being elected.
Having failed in four bids for public office, Sowada had little expectation of serving in federal politics by 1991. She was undertaking a postgraduate degree at the University of Sydney
University of Sydney
The University of Sydney is a public university located in Sydney, New South Wales. The main campus spreads across the suburbs of Camperdown and Darlington on the southwestern outskirts of the Sydney CBD. Founded in 1850, it is the oldest university in Australia and Oceania...
and married her fiancé, Democrat staffer Armon Hicks in July, 1991. Five weeks later, however, a casual Senate vacancy arose for which she was nominated by the party. Prominent anti-nuclear campaigner Helen Caldicott
Helen Caldicott
Helen Mary Caldicott is an Australian physician, author, and anti-nuclear advocate who has founded several associations dedicated to opposing the use of nuclear power, depleted uranium munitions, nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons proliferation, war and military action in general. She hosts a...
had also sought the position but party rules favoured Karin since she had been No. 2 candidate at the preceding Senate election. She was, at the time, the youngest female senator in history (a distinction which later passed to Natasha Stott Despoja
Natasha Stott Despoja
Natasha Jessica Stott Despoja AM is an Australian former politician and former leader of the Australian Democrats. She was a Democrats senator for South Australia from 1995 to 2008...
).
Her accession to the Senate was a direct consequence of the ambush of leader Janet Powell
Janet Powell
Janet Frances Powell in Nhill, Victoria, is an Australian politician.She was appointed a senator for Victoria, representing the Australian Democrats, upon the resignation of the party's founder, Don Chipp, in 1986. She was elected the following year. She became the third leader of the party, from...
by the Democrats' national executive and party room, leading to her replacement by John Coulter. The senator for NSW, Paul McLean
Paul McLean (Australian politician)
Paul Alexander McLean is an Australian advocate of banking reform and former Australian Democrats senator for New South Wales ....
had resigned his seat in disgust after Coulter's speech condemning the performance of his leader. It was also reported that Cheryl Kernot (the alleged architect of the coup) believed she had an understanding with McLean that he would back her for the deputy's post. "Instead he quit politics altogether, concluding after the campaign against Powell that he did not have enough of the jugular instinct."
Senate career
Having filled the casual vacancy and been assigned the role of spokesperson on industrial relations, Sowada controversially backed the Hawke government's move to enshrine the right to strike in legislation. While this stand earned her much praise from the trade unionTrade union
A trade union, trades union or labor union is an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with...
movement – in September, she became the first female politician and first Democrat to address the biennial congress of the Australian Council of Trade Unions
Australian Council of Trade Unions
The Australian Council of Trade Unions is the largest peak body representing workers in Australia. It is a national trade union centre of 46 affiliated unions.-History:The ACTU was formed in 1927 as the "Australian Council of Trade Unions"...
– it also sparked a major clash with party founder Don Chipp
Don Chipp
Donald Leslie Chipp, AO was an Australian politician, and the inaugural leader of the Australian Democrats.-Early life:...
, who threatened to resign from the party because of the direction the party was taking with Sowada in charge of industrial relations. Coulter appeared to take notice of Chipp's criticism when he officially took over as leader in October, as Sowada lost the industrial relations portfolio in the subsequent reshuffle. Soon after, she crossed the floor to vote with the opposition Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...
against a move to ban political advertising during elections. This was to be the first of several clashes between the federal party leadership and Sowada and her ally, New South Wales state parliamentary leader Elisabeth Kirkby
Elisabeth Kirkby
Elisabeth "Liz" Kirkby was an Australia-based theatre and television actress and politician known as a long time member of the New South Wales Legislative Council....
.
In November 1991, the High Court of Australia
High Court of Australia
The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia. It has both original and appellate jurisdiction, has the power of judicial review over laws passed by the Parliament of Australia and the parliaments of the States, and...
decided Sykes v Cleary, which had significant ramifications for members of parliament with dual citizenship. While Sowada was born in Australia, she had automatically inherited Swiss citizenship from her Swiss father, which may have disqualified her from parliamentary office. However, this possibility was avoided since she had married an Australian citizen five weeks before her Senate appointment.
Sowada spent the 1991-92 summer recess in an archaeological dig in Jordan
Jordan
Jordan , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan , Al-Mamlaka al-Urduniyya al-Hashemiyya) is a kingdom on the East Bank of the River Jordan. The country borders Saudi Arabia to the east and south-east, Iraq to the north-east, Syria to the north and the West Bank and Israel to the west, sharing...
, and kept a lower profile when she returned for the first sitting of 1992. She helped to set up a mentoring program for the intellectually disabled in Sydney
Sydney
Sydney is the most populous city in Australia and the state capital of New South Wales. Sydney is located on Australia's south-east coast of the Tasman Sea. As of June 2010, the greater metropolitan area had an approximate population of 4.6 million people...
, and was assigned the services of then student politician Natasha Stott Despoja
Natasha Stott Despoja
Natasha Jessica Stott Despoja AM is an Australian former politician and former leader of the Australian Democrats. She was a Democrats senator for South Australia from 1995 to 2008...
as a staffer by leader John Coulter.
In June 1992, Sowada accused her party of neglecting its traditional focus on social issues to concentrate on environmental issues under Coulter, a noted environmentalist. An annoyed federal executive retaliated by criticising Sowada and Kirkby's handling of the New South Wales branch of the party, leading to a divisive spat in the media. Two months later, Sowada was the only Democrat senator to express concern at the resignation of the deposed former leader Janet Powell
Janet Powell
Janet Frances Powell in Nhill, Victoria, is an Australian politician.She was appointed a senator for Victoria, representing the Australian Democrats, upon the resignation of the party's founder, Don Chipp, in 1986. She was elected the following year. She became the third leader of the party, from...
from the party.
She was very active in the education debate, which had taken centre stage owing to the draconian tertiary-education reforms initiated by former Hawke education minister, John Dawkins
John Dawkins
John Sydney "Joe" Dawkins, AO , Australian politician, was Treasurer in the Keating Labor government from December 1991 to December 1993...
. She fought a pitched campaign against the government and Labor opposition over re-introduction of fees for university students and the declining quality and chronic under-funding of the higher education and post-secondary training sector. In addition, she spent much of 1992 working on youth issues, particularly in her role as a member of the Senate Standing Committee on Education, Employment and Training, where she initiated an inquiry into high levels of youth unemployment.
Sowada faced her first and only electoral test at the 1993 election. After a month-long count, she was defeated by the National Party's
National Party of Australia
The National Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Traditionally representing graziers, farmers and rural voters generally, it began as the The Country Party, but adopted the name The National Country Party in 1975, changed to The National Party of Australia in 1982. The party is...
Sandy Macdonald
Sandy Macdonald
John Alexander Lindsay "Sandy" Macdonald is a former Australian politician. He was member of the Australian Senate from 1993 to 1998, and again from 2000 to 2008, representing the state of New South Wales for the National Party.-Early life:...
.
Constitutional Convention
In 1997, Sowada made a brief return to political life when she was nominated to become an Australian Republican MovementAustralian Republican Movement
The Australian Republican Movement is a non-partisan lobby group advocating constitutional change in Australia to a republican form of government, from a constitutional monarchy.-Foundation:...
delegate to the Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention (Australia)
In Australian history, the term Constitutional Convention refers to four distinct gatherings.-1891 convention:The 1891 Constitutional Convention was held in Sydney in March 1891 to consider a draft Constitution for the proposed federation of the British colonies in Australia and New Zealand. There...
on whether Australia should become a republic. She received the easily winnable fourth spot on the movement's ticket and was elected to the convention. Sowada became a prominent spokesperson for the Australian Republican Movement during the convention, vigorously opposing direct election of the president and supporting the movement's sometimes-controversial leader, Malcolm Turnbull
Malcolm Turnbull
Malcolm Bligh Turnbull is an Australian politician. He has been a member of the Australian House of Representatives since 2004, and was Leader of the Opposition and parliamentary leader of the Liberal Party from 16 September 2008 to 1 December 2009.Turnbull has represented the Division...
. She acted as chief 'numbers man' for the ARM during the Convention.
After intense negotiations between the various factions, the Constitutional Convention finally resulted in the approval of a republic model to be voted upon at the 1999 referendum. As one of its strongest supporters, Sowada was appointed to a three-person committee directing the official "Yes" campaign, along with Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...
figure Andrew Robb
Andrew Robb
Andrew John Robb AO , Australian politician and former federal Director of the Liberal Party of Australia, was elected to the House of Representatives as member for the Division of Goldstein, Victoria for the Liberal Party of Australia at the 2004 federal election.Robb, one of nine children, was...
(now an MP) and Peter Barron, a Labor Party adviser. The campaign ultimately proved unsuccessful with the defeat of the referendum, however, and Sowada faded out of the spotlight rather than become involved in the subsequent recriminations. She was briefly mentioned as a potential successor to Turnbull as Australian Republican Movement chairperson after his 1999 resignation, but nothing came of this, and she once again returned to academia.
Archaeological career
After her Senate electoral defeat, Sowada had resumed postgraduate studies and was elected to a number of committees in the Anglican Church Sydney Diocese, including the Standing Committee, Sydney Synod and General Synod. For years she worked on archaeological excavations in Jordan, Egypt and Israel, studying and travelling around the world conducting research for her PhD. She also acted as a lobbyist for Capitol Research, a small corporate communications company she established on leaving the Senate. In 1996, Sowada was appointed Assistant Curator of the Nicholson MuseumNicholson Museum
The Nicholson Museum is a museum of antiquities at the University of Sydney. Founded in 1860, it is home to the largest collection of antiquities in both Australia and the Southern Hemisphere...
at Sydney University. She had her first child, Kate Euginie Maria Sowada Hicks, in 1997, by which time she had largely settled into academia.
Sowada gained her PhD in in Egyptian archaeology from the University of Sydney in May 2002. She maintains an active program of archeological fieldwork and research in Egypt and Jordan and is well-published in scholarly books, academic journals and popular magazines. She has also lectured widely around Australia and often appears as a media commentator on archaeology and Egyptology. In her former academic role as curator of the Nicholson Museum, Sowada often acted as a media representative after various discoveries, such as during the scientific testing of several mummies in the museum's collection in 1998, and after the 2005 find of long-lost graphic impressions (squeezes) made by Nicholson
Charles Nicholson
Sir Charles Nicholson, 1st Baronet was a British-Australian politician, university founder, explorer, pastoralist, antiquarian and philanthropist...
. Sowada remains active in the Anglican community but has presented a lower profile since 2000. She had a second child, Lily Margret Sowada Hicks, in 2004.
External links
- Karin Sowada's website Egyptology in Australia
- Archaeology and the bible Interview at the Centre for Public Christianity
- The Hebrew Stone Rocks Foundations Interview at the Centre for Public Christianity