Kapuzinerberg is a hill on the eastern bank of Salzach

Salzach

The Salzach is a river in Austria and Germany. It is a right tributary of the Inn and is 225 kilometres in length.The river's name is derived from the German word Salz, meaning "salt". Until the 19th century shipping of salt down the river was an important part of the local economy...

 river in Salzburg

Salzburg

-Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...

, Salzburgerland, Austria

Austria

Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...

.

History

It is home to a Capucines

Order of Friars Minor Capuchin

The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin is an Order of friars in the Catholic Church, among the chief offshoots of the Franciscans. The worldwide head of the Order, called the Minister General, is currently Father Mauro Jöhri.-Origins :...

 cloister

Cloister

A cloister is a rectangular open space surrounded by covered walks or open galleries, with open arcades on the inner side, running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle or garth...

 built in 1599-1605 on the site of a medieval fortress, the "Trompeterschlössl".
Earliest human settlements on the eastern slope of Kapuzinerberg date back to neolithic period. Big prehistoric settlements on mountain date back to 1000 B.C.

On the way of the Linzergasse to the monastery are standing 13 oratories with the way of the cross, which were built up between 1736 and 1744, a memorial place for Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and the old Paschingerschlössl, known as the former house of Stefan Zweig. The different old artillery bastions from 1629, which are distributed around the mountain, the military tower of the Felixpforte and the long military walls with their small fortified towers („Auslug “) also were built in the time of the Thirty Years War, and are majority are kept well. On the crest of the mountain, attainable with a drawbridge, there stands the Franziskischlössl. Today it is a small restaurant.
Adolf Hitler wanted to establish a gigantic “Gauburg”, a Stadium and a festival house on that mountain. The end of the war forestalled it however and the Kapuzinerberg still is free of intensive land development.

The cloister

The cloister was established by bishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau as a stronghold against the Reformation

Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...

. In 1602 the friars consecrated the first church built on the foundation of a medieval tower. The church inherited a set of 15th century wooden reliefs. Gradually expanding, the cloister reached its present shape around 1690. For centuries, the friars were independent of the local Archbishop

Archbishop

An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...

, subordinate only to the Pope. In 1800 and 1809/10 the cloister was occupied and desecrated by the French troops; in 1813 by the Bavarians. After the anschluss

Anschluss

The Anschluss , also known as the ', was the occupation and annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938....

 of 1938 the monks were evicted again, to make way for a Nazi forum, but the project did not materialize. The friars returned in 1945, initially sharing the premises with refugees.

Nature

Nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural world, physical world, or material world. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general...

The mountain is with its expanded forest surfaces the green lung of Salzburg and offers to the visitors delightful walking possibilities along the many moving ways particularly along „the Basteiweg“, which runs next the attachment walls in the south and the east of the mountain. Remarkably itself also the different lookout points on those to the Old part of the town of Salzburg
The Kapuzinerberg is attainabe from the Imbergstiege, from a stone lane beginning in the Franziskuspforte (Linzergasse) or on a foot path behind the shopping centre „Imberg” in the Fürbergstrasse.
Biological characteristics of the mountain are different rare alpine plants and animals in the cold inaccessible north rock (about alpine auricula and alpine rhododendron). Also the common raven breeds in the rocks.

See also

• Salzburg
  Salzburg
  -Population development:In 1935, the population significantly increased when Salzburg absorbed adjacent municipalities. After World War II, numerous refugees found a new home in the city. New residential space was created for American soldiers of the postwar Occupation, and could be used for...
  
  
• Salzburgerland

Literature in german language

• Reinhard Medicus: Der Imberg, heute auch Kapuzinerberg genannt, in Natur- und Kulturgeschichte. In: Der Gardist - Jahresschrift der Bürgergarde der Stadt Salzburg, 26. Jahrgang, Salzburg 2006
• Reinhard Medicus: Die einstigen Stadttore der Linzergasse und die Nordfelsen des Kapuzinerberges In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg für die Erhaltung und Pflege von Bauten, Kultur und Gesellschaft, 54. Jahrgang 4. Folge, S.10-16, Salzburg 2005
• Reinhard Medicus: Der Kalvarienberg und die Mozart-Gedenkstätte auf dem Kapuzinerberg In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 55. Jahrgang 2. Folge, S. 14-20, Salzburg 2006
• Reinhard Medicus: Die Wehrbauten Paris Lodrons am Kapuzinerberg, 1. Teil und 2. Teil In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 58. Jahrgang 1. Folge, S. 11-17 und 2. Folge. Salzburg 2008
• Reinhard Medicus: Gutshöfe und Steinbrüche am Kapuzinerberg In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 58. Jahrgang 4. Folge, Salzburg 2008
• Reinhard Medicus: Der Imberg und sein Wasser In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 59. Jahrgang 1. Folge, Salzburg 2008
• Reinhard Medicus: Der Kapuzinerberg als Erholungsraum In: Bastei - Zeitschrift des Stadtvereines Salzburg, 60. Jahrgang 3. Folge, S. 11-17, Salzburg 2010