Józef Sawa-Calinski
Encyclopedia
Józef Sawa-Caliński was a Polish
noble
and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia
.
Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug
to colonel
Sawa a Cossack
and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar in 1768, Sawa-Caliński organized a partisan unit of roughly 2000 armed men. He then engaged in partisan warfare in various parts of Poland, mostly against Russian garrisons and units. He successfully evaded being captured and styled himself a Cossack, which added to his popularity among the gentry, who even elected him a marshal of the land of Wyszogród
. Antoni Madaliński
and Józef Kuźma were belong to his partizan unit.
However, on 26 April 1771 his troop was finally surrounded near Szreńsk
and defeated by the Russians. Józef Sawa-Caliński was heavily wounded in the battle, yet he avoided being captured and hid himself in the forests and villages nearby. Sold to the Russians by one of the peasants, he was imprisoned and perished soon afterwards. Died in Przasnysz
after a few days.
His life was immortalized by Juliusz Słowacki in his Beniowski (poem based on Maurice Benyovszky's life), Sen srebrny Salomei (en: The Silver Dream of Salomea"), Henryk Rzewuski
, Pamiątki Soplicy.
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
noble
Szlachta
The szlachta was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges during the 1333-1370 reign of Casimir the Great. In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of...
and a prominent leader of the Confederation of Bar, a movement aimed against the Polish king and his close relations with Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
.
Born in Stepashky on Southern Bug
Southern Bug
The Southern Bug, also called Southern Buh), is a river located in Ukraine. The source of the river is in the west of Ukraine, in the Volyn-Podillia Upland, about 145 km from the Polish border, and flows southeasterly into the Bug Estuary through the southern steppes...
to colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
Sawa a Cossack
Cossack
Cossacks are a group of predominantly East Slavic people who originally were members of democratic, semi-military communities in what is today Ukraine and Southern Russia inhabiting sparsely populated areas and islands in the lower Dnieper and Don basins and who played an important role in the...
and a Polish noble, little is known of his early life. After the outbreak of hostilities following the proclamation of the Confederation of Bar in 1768, Sawa-Caliński organized a partisan unit of roughly 2000 armed men. He then engaged in partisan warfare in various parts of Poland, mostly against Russian garrisons and units. He successfully evaded being captured and styled himself a Cossack, which added to his popularity among the gentry, who even elected him a marshal of the land of Wyszogród
Wyszogród
Wyszogród is a town in Poland, in Masovian Voivodship, in Płock County, by the Vistula River. The population of Wyszogród was 2,793 in 2004.-History:...
. Antoni Madaliński
Antoni Madalinski
Antoni Madaliński – Polish Lieutenant General, commander of 1st Greater Polish National Cavalry Brigade during Kościuszko Uprising....
and Józef Kuźma were belong to his partizan unit.
However, on 26 April 1771 his troop was finally surrounded near Szreńsk
Szrensk
Szreńsk is a village in Mława County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Szreńsk. It lies approximately south-west of Mława and north-west of Warsaw....
and defeated by the Russians. Józef Sawa-Caliński was heavily wounded in the battle, yet he avoided being captured and hid himself in the forests and villages nearby. Sold to the Russians by one of the peasants, he was imprisoned and perished soon afterwards. Died in Przasnysz
Przasnysz
Przasnysz is a town in Poland. Located in the Masovian Voivodship, about 110 km north of Warsaw and about 115 km south of Olsztyn, it's the capital of Przasnysz County. It has 18,093 inhabitants . One of the most important towns in Mazovia during the Middle Ages. City laws - 1427.-Famous...
after a few days.
His life was immortalized by Juliusz Słowacki in his Beniowski (poem based on Maurice Benyovszky's life), Sen srebrny Salomei (en: The Silver Dream of Salomea"), Henryk Rzewuski
Henryk Rzewuski
Henryk Rzewuski was a Polish Romantic-era journalist and novelist.-Life:Count Henryk Rzewuski was a scion of a Polish magnate family in Ukraine. He was the son of Adam Wawrzyniec Rzewuski, a Russian senator who resided in St...
, Pamiątki Soplicy.