Junonia
Encyclopedia
Junonia is a genus of nymphalid butterflies
, described by Jacob Hübner
in 1819. They are commonly known as Buckeyes, Pansies, or Commodores. This genus flies on every continent except Antarctica. The genus
contains about 30–35 species.
, but this genus is now usually limited to Asian species. Instead of being placed in Junonia, the two are sometimes awarded their own genus, Kamilla. The leaf butterfly J. tugela is sometimes included in Precis
instead of Junonia.
The species in Junonia:
Butterfly
A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, which includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured...
, described by Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner was a German entomologist. He was the author of Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge , a founding work of entomology.-Scientific career:...
in 1819. They are commonly known as Buckeyes, Pansies, or Commodores. This genus flies on every continent except Antarctica. The genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
contains about 30–35 species.
Taxonomy
The leaf butterflies J. ansorgei and J. cymodoce (both from Africa) have traditionally been included in KallimaKallima
Kallima, known as the Oakleaf or Oak Leaf butterflies, is a genus of butterflies of the subfamily Nymphalinae in the family Nymphalidae. They are found in east, south and southeast Asia. Their common name is a reference to the rear surface of their wings, which is various shades of brown...
, but this genus is now usually limited to Asian species. Instead of being placed in Junonia, the two are sometimes awarded their own genus, Kamilla. The leaf butterfly J. tugela is sometimes included in Precis
Precis (butterfly)
Precis is a genus of nymphalid butterflies, described by Jacob Hübner in 1819. They are commonly known as Commodores and are found in Africa.-Species:Listed alphabetically.* Precis actia Distant, 1880* Precis amestris...
instead of Junonia.
The species in Junonia:
- Junonia adulatrix (Fruhstorfer, 1903)
- Junonia africana (Richelmann, 1913)
- Junonia almanaJunonia almanaThe Peacock Pansy, Junonia almana, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia. It exists in two distinct adult forms, which differ chiefly in the patterns on the underside of the wings; the dry-season form has few markings, while the wet-season form has additional eyespots and...
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Peacock Pansy - Junonia ansorgei (Rothschild, 1899) – Ansorge's Leaf Butterfly
- Junonia artaxia (Hewitson, [1864]) – Commodore
- Junonia atlitesJunonia atlitesThe Gray Pansy Junonia atlites is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia.-Description:Upperside of both sexes pale lavender-brown, apical half of wings paler...
(Linnaeus, 1763) – Grey Pansy or Gray Pansy - Junonia chorimene (Guérin-Méneville, [1844]) – Golden Pansy
- Junonia coeniaJunonia coeniaThe Buckeye is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in southern Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, and Nova Scotia and all parts of the United States except the northwest, and is especially common in the south, the California coast, and throughout Central America and Colombia...
Hübner, [1822] – (Common) Buckeye - Junonia cytora Doubleday, 1847 (formerly Salamis cytora)
- Junonia cymodoce (Cramer, 1777) – Western Leaf, Blue Leaf Butterfly
- Junonia erigone (Cramer, [1775]) – Northern Argus
- Junonia evareteJunonia evareteThe Mangrove Buckeye or West Indian Buckeye is a neotropical nymphalid butterfly found from Florida and the Caribbean, Mexico, Central America, to tropical and subtropical South America. The type locality is Surinam, and numerous subspecies have been described. The synonomy is extensive, and older...
(Cramer, [1779]) – Mangrove Buckeye, Smokey Buckeye, or West Indian Buckeye - Junonia genovevaJunonia genovevaThe Mangrove Buckeye is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found from southern New Mexico, southern Arizona, southern Texas, and southern Florida south through the West Indies, Mexico and Central America to Argentina. Rare strays can be found up to south-eastern California, south-eastern...
(Cramer, [1780]) – Mangrove Buckeye or Tropical Buckeye - Junonia goudoti (Boisduval, 1833)
- Junonia gregorii Butler, 1896
- Junonia hadrope Doubleday, [1847] – Volta Pansy
- Junonia hedoniaJunonia hedoniaJunonia hedonia, sometimes called Brown Pansy or Chocolate Soldier , is a butterfly found in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, and Australia....
(Linnaeus, 1764) – Brown Pansy - Junonia hiertaJunonia hiertaThe Yellow Pansy, Junonia hierta, is a species of nymphalid butterfly found in the Palaeotropics. It is usually seen in open scrub and grassland habitats.-Description:The male upperside is bright yellow...
(Fabricius, 1798) – Yellow Pansy - Junonia intermedia (C. & R. Felder, [1867])
- Junonia iphitaJunonia iphitaThe Chocolate Pansy or Chocolate Soldier is a butterfly found in Asia.It is about in wingspan and the female can be told apart from the male by white markings on the oblique line on the underside of the hind wing...
(Cramer, [1779]) – Chocolate Pansy - Junonia lemoniasJunonia lemoniasJunonia lemonias, also known as the Lemon Pansy, is a common nymphalid butterfly found in South Asia. It is found in gardens, fallow land, and open wooded areas.-Description:...
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Lemon Pansy - Junonia natalicaJunonia natalicaThe Natal Pansy or Brown Pansy is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found in the Afrotropic ecozone.The wingspan is 45–50 mm in males and 48–55 mm in females....
(Felder, 1860) – Natal Pansy - Junonia oenoneJunonia oenoneJunonia oenone is Nymphalid butterfly native to Africa. It is known as the Blue Pansy in southern Africa, however the name Blue Pansy is used in India to describe Junonia orithya, and the name Dark Blue Pansy may be used to distinguish Junonia oenone.-Subspecies:* Junonia oenone oenone from...
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Dark Blue Pansy - Junonia orithyaJunonia orithyaJunonia orithya is a nymphalid butterfly with many subspecies occurring from Africa, through southern and south-eastern Asia, and in Australia. In India its common English name is the Blue Pansy, but in southern Africa it is known as the Eyed Pansy as the name Blue Pansy refers to Junonia oenone...
(Linnaeus, 1758) – Eyed Pansy or Blue Pansy - Junonia rhadama (Boisduval, 1833) – Brilliant Blue
- Junonia schmiedeli (Fiedler, 1920)
- Junonia sophia (Fabricius, 1793) – Little Commodore
- Junonia stygia (Aurivillius, 1894) – Brown Pansy
- Junonia tereaJunonia tereaThe Soldier Pansy or Soldier Commodore is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found in the Afrotropic ecozone.The wingspan is 50–55 mm in males and 52–60 mm in females....
(Druce, 1773) – Soldier Commodore or Soldier Pansy - Junonia timorensis Wallace, 1869
- Junonia touhilimasa Vuillot, 1892
- Junonia tugelaJunonia tugelaThe African Leaf Butterfly , also known as the Eared Commodore, is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found in eastern and southern Africa, ranging from Ethiopia to South Africa...
(Trimen, 1879) – African Leaf Butterfly - Junonia vestina C. & R. Felder, [1867] – Andean Buckeye
- Junonia villida (Fabricius, 1787) – Meadow Argus
- Junonia westermanniJunonia westermanniThe Blue Spot Pansy is a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family. It is found in the central part of the Afrotropic ecozone.The wingspan is about 25 mm....
Westwood, 1870 – Blue Spot Pansy
External links
- Junonia at funet.fi