The Jumma people are the Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....

, of the Chittagong Hill Tracts

Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,295 km2 in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single district of Bangladesh until 1984. In that year it was divided into three separate districts: Khagrachari, Rangamati and Bandarban. Topographically, this is the...

 region of present day Bangladesh

Bangladesh

Bangladesh , officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh is a sovereign state located in South Asia. It is bordered by India on all sides except for a small border with Burma to the far southeast and by the Bay of Bengal to the south...

.

Origin of the Term

The word “Jumma or Jummas” is originated from small thirteen Indigenous

Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....

 ethnic minorities groups in Chittagong Hill Tracts

Chittagong Hill Tracts

The Chittagong Hill Tracts comprise an area of 13,295 km2 in south-eastern Bangladesh, and borders India and Myanmar . It was a single district of Bangladesh until 1984. In that year it was divided into three separate districts: Khagrachari, Rangamati and Bandarban. Topographically, this is the...

 of Bangladesh. They are Chakma

Chakma

Chakma may refer to:*Chakma people, a Tibeto-Burman people of Bangladesh and Northeast India*Chakma language, the Indo-European language spoken by them*Chakma script...

, Marma

Marma

The Marma also known as Magh or Mog are Arakanese descendants inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh since the Arakan kingdom period in the 16th century AD. In the late 20th century, their population stood at over 210,000. Ethnically related to the Myanmar, they are largely followers...

, Tripura

Tripura

Tripura is a state in North-East India, with an area of . It is the third smallest state of India, according to area. Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on the north, south, and west. The Indian states of Assam and Mizoram lie to the east. The capital is Agartala and the main languages spoken are...

, Tangchangya, Murang, Boam, Khumi, Kyang

Kyang

Kyang is a village development committee in Parbat District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2279 people living in 443 individual households.-External links:*...

, Chak

Chak

Chak is a town situated on the west bank of Indus River in Shikarpur District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is an economic, educational, social and transport hub of the adjoining towns and villages of the region. It is home to a population of more than 40,000 people and is a fast growing town with good...

, Lushai

Lushai

The Lusei people are one of the eleven tribes of the Mizo people, native to Mizoram in Northeast India, Chin Hills in western Myanmar and Chittagong Hill Tracts of eastern Bangladesh.-The name:...

, Reang

Reang

Reang or Riang, as it may be spelt, is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India.Reang is mistakenly recorded by the government actually it's Bru. They are mainly dwelling in the North Tripura, Dalai and the South Tripura districts of Tripura state in India, but are also found in...

, Usai and Pankho. All of those Indigenous

Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples are ethnic groups that are defined as indigenous according to one of the various definitions of the term, there is no universally accepted definition but most of which carry connotations of being the "original inhabitants" of a territory....

groups together are called as Jumma, accordingly their own cultivating system.

Prior to British Rule

The Chittagong Hill Tracts existed as an independent territory and did not come within the authority of outside colonization until the 18th century. Right up to the time of British entry into the Hill Tracts, the different peoples of the Hill Tracts functioned as independent people.
During the rule of the Mughal Emperors over India, the region remained outside their direct control, despite attempts made to bring it under their sphere of influence.

Under British East India Company

In 1760, the British East India Company annexed neighboring Bengal and then turned its attentions towards the Hill Tracts as it was rich in natural resources. They began a military campaign in 1776 and met strong resistance from Sher Daulat Khan, the Chakma Raja. The fighting continued for a decade and the British imposed an economic blockade cutting off essential supplies. Finally, in 1787, Raja Jan Bux Khan, was forced to reach a treaty with Lord Cornwallis, the governor-general agreeing to pay 20 maunds of cotton to the British for the right to trade and putting an end to the conflict. This cotton tribute was also extended to the Marmas and eventually the area came to be known as Kapas Mahal (Cotton Area).

Under British Rule

In 1860, the British declared the Hill Tracts a district within Bengal and appointed a superintendent. Even with the introduction of British power, the region remained under the rule of the three chiefs or rajas in their respective circles, i.e. the Chakma, Bohmong and Mong, while continuing with the payment of the tribute in cotton. The Mong circle - located in the north - which was under the jurisdiction of the Chakma Rani, was created by the British even though the predominant people in that area at that time were Tripuras – 18,559; the Chakma population was 6,980 while the Marmas accounted for 6,704 persons only. The appointed chief was related to the Bohmong chief.