July Ordinances
Encyclopedia
July Ordinances, also known as the Four Ordinances of Saint-Cloud, were a series of decrees set forth by Charles X
and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830.
Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radicalism in the elected government, Charles felt that as king by right of birth and not parliamentary privilege, his primary duty was the guarantee of order and happiness in France and its people; not in political bipartisanship and the self-interpreted rights of implacable political enemies.
The result was that on 9 July 1830, Charles announced that in his interpretation of, and in full compliance with, Article 14 of the Charte, he would henceforth govern by ordonnances. On 25 July, while a guest at Saint-Cloud, he signed the famous "July Ordinances" which were published in the Parisian newspaper Moniteur the following day.
These ordinances of 26 July:
It was intended to quell the people of France
. However, the ordinances had the opposite effect of angering the French
citizens. Journalists gathered in protest at the headquarters of the National
daily, founded in January 1830 by Adolphe Thiers
, Armand Carrel
, and others. The final result was the July Revolution
and Charles X's overthrow.
Charles X of France
Charles X was known for most of his life as the Comte d'Artois before he reigned as King of France and of Navarre from 16 September 1824 until 2 August 1830. A younger brother to Kings Louis XVI and Louis XVIII, he supported the latter in exile and eventually succeeded him...
and Jules Armand de Polignac, the chief minister, in July 1830.
Compelled by what he felt to be a growing, manipulative radicalism in the elected government, Charles felt that as king by right of birth and not parliamentary privilege, his primary duty was the guarantee of order and happiness in France and its people; not in political bipartisanship and the self-interpreted rights of implacable political enemies.
The result was that on 9 July 1830, Charles announced that in his interpretation of, and in full compliance with, Article 14 of the Charte, he would henceforth govern by ordonnances. On 25 July, while a guest at Saint-Cloud, he signed the famous "July Ordinances" which were published in the Parisian newspaper Moniteur the following day.
These ordinances of 26 July:
- Suspended the liberty of the press
- Appointed new, and what many considered reactionary, Conseillers d'Etat
- Dissolved the newly elected Chamber of Deputies of FranceChamber of Deputies of FranceChamber of Deputies was the name given to several parliamentary bodies in France in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries:* 1814–1848 during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy, the Chamber of Deputies was the Lower chamber of the French Parliament, elected by census suffrage.*...
- Reduced the number of deputies in future Chambers
- Summoned new electoral colleges for September of that year
- Withdrew the Deputies' right of amendment
- Excluded the commercial bourgeoisieBourgeoisieIn sociology and political science, bourgeoisie describes a range of groups across history. In the Western world, between the late 18th century and the present day, the bourgeoisie is a social class "characterized by their ownership of capital and their related culture." A member of the...
from future elections
It was intended to quell the people of France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. However, the ordinances had the opposite effect of angering the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
citizens. Journalists gathered in protest at the headquarters of the National
Le National (newspaper)
Le National was a French daily founded in 1830 by Adolphe Thiers, Armand Carrel, François-Auguste Mignet and the librarian-editor Auguste Sautelet, as the mouthpiece of the liberal opposition to the Second Restoration....
daily, founded in January 1830 by Adolphe Thiers
Adolphe Thiers
Marie Joseph Louis Adolphe Thiers was a French politician and historian. was a prime minister under King Louis-Philippe of France. Following the overthrow of the Second Empire he again came to prominence as the French leader who suppressed the revolutionary Paris Commune of 1871...
, Armand Carrel
Armand Carrel
Armand Carrel was a French journalist and political writer.-Biography:Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Armand Carrel was born at Rouen. His father was a wealthy merchant, and he received a liberal education at the Lycée Pierre Corneille in Rouen. , afterwards attending the military school at St Cyr...
, and others. The final result was the July Revolution
July Revolution
The French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution or in French, saw the overthrow of King Charles X of France, the French Bourbon monarch, and the ascent of his cousin Louis-Philippe, Duke of Orléans, who himself, after 18 precarious years on the throne, would in turn be overthrown...
and Charles X's overthrow.