Ju Sigyeong
Encyclopedia
Ju Si-gyeong was one of the founders of modern Korea
n linguistics
. He was born in Bongsan County (봉산군; 鳳山郡), Hwanghae
Province. He and his students helped standardize the Korean language
, based spelling
and grammar
of the vernacular.
He studied the Classical Chinese
from his childhood. After studying modern linguistics
in Seoul
, he established the Korean Language System Society (조선문동식회; 朝鮮文同式會) in 1896. He hosted several seminars in the National Language Discussion Centre of the Sangdong Youth Academy of the Korean language (상동청년학원국어강습소; 尚洞青年學院國語講習所).
He proposed that the Korean parts of speech include noun
s, verb
s, adjective
s, adverb
s, unconjugated
adjective
s (관형사; 冠形詞), auxiliaries
(조사; 助詞), conjunction
, exclamation
s, and sentence-final particles (종지사; 終止詞).
In his 1914 publication, Sounds of the Language, he promotes writing Hangul
linearly rather than syllabically. This is one of his few proposals not to have been implemented, although there have been experiments with linear hangul, most notably in Primorsky Krai
.
(한글) between 1910 and 1913 to identify the Korean writing system, which had existed under several other names such as onmun (vernacular script) since the 15th century.
His name is sometimes written without the disambiguity hyphen: Ju Sigyeong and Chu Sigyong. In this case, they are often mispronounced as Sig-yeong and Sig-yong respectively.
Korea
Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
n linguistics
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
. He was born in Bongsan County (봉산군; 鳳山郡), Hwanghae
Hwanghae
Hwanghae was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. Hwanghae was located in the northwest of Korea. The provincial capital was Haeju.The regional name for the province was Haesŏ .-History:...
Province. He and his students helped standardize the Korean language
Korean language
Korean is the official language of the country Korea, in both South and North. It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in People's Republic of China. There are about 78 million Korean speakers worldwide. In the 15th century, a national writing...
, based spelling
Spelling
Spelling is the writing of one or more words with letters and diacritics. In addition, the term often, but not always, means an accepted standard spelling or the process of naming the letters...
and grammar
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that govern the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics,...
of the vernacular.
He studied the Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese or Literary Chinese is a traditional style of written Chinese based on the grammar and vocabulary of ancient Chinese, making it different from any modern spoken form of Chinese...
from his childhood. After studying modern linguistics
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
in Seoul
Seoul
Seoul , officially the Seoul Special City, is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea. A megacity with a population of over 10 million, it is the largest city proper in the OECD developed world...
, he established the Korean Language System Society (조선문동식회; 朝鮮文同式會) in 1896. He hosted several seminars in the National Language Discussion Centre of the Sangdong Youth Academy of the Korean language (상동청년학원국어강습소; 尚洞青年學院國語講習所).
He proposed that the Korean parts of speech include noun
Noun
In linguistics, a noun is a member of a large, open lexical category whose members can occur as the main word in the subject of a clause, the object of a verb, or the object of a preposition .Lexical categories are defined in terms of how their members combine with other kinds of...
s, verb
Verb
A verb, from the Latin verbum meaning word, is a word that in syntax conveys an action , or a state of being . In the usual description of English, the basic form, with or without the particle to, is the infinitive...
s, adjective
Adjective
In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified....
s, adverb
Adverb
An adverb is a part of speech that modifies verbs or any part of speech other than a noun . Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives , clauses, sentences, and other adverbs....
s, unconjugated
Grammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection . Conjugation may be affected by person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, voice, or other grammatical categories...
adjective
Adjective
In grammar, an adjective is a 'describing' word; the main syntactic role of which is to qualify a noun or noun phrase, giving more information about the object signified....
s (관형사; 冠形詞), auxiliaries
Auxiliary
Auxiliary may refer to:* A backup site or system* Auxiliary input jack, generally for audio* Auxiliary verb* International auxiliary language* Auxiliary police* Auxiliaries, troops supporting the main force of an army** Auxiliaries...
(조사; 助詞), conjunction
Grammatical conjunction
In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each...
, exclamation
Exclamation
Exclamation may refer to:* Exclamation mark, the punctuation mark "!"* Exclamation, an emphatic sentence* Exclamation, an emphatic interjection* Exclamation, a statement against penal interest in criminal law* Exclamation, a fragrance by Coty, Inc....
s, and sentence-final particles (종지사; 終止詞).
In his 1914 publication, Sounds of the Language, he promotes writing Hangul
Hangul
Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean...
linearly rather than syllabically. This is one of his few proposals not to have been implemented, although there have been experiments with linear hangul, most notably in Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai
Primorsky Krai , informally known as Primorye , is a federal subject of Russia . Primorsky means "maritime" in Russian, hence the region is sometimes referred to as Maritime Province or Maritime Territory. Its administrative center is in the city of Vladivostok...
.
Publications
- The National Language Classical Phonetics (국어문전음학; 國語文典音學) (1908): based on his lecture notes
- An Introduction to the National Language (국문초학; 國文初學) (1910)
- An Introduction to the Chinese Language (한문초습; 漢文初習) (1909)
- Sounds of the Language (말의 소리) (1914)
- The Grammar of the National Language (국어문법; 國語文法) (1910)
- The History of the Downfall of VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
(월남망국사; 越南亡國史) (1907)
Miscellaneous
Ju Si-gyeong coined the name HangulHangul
Hangul,Pronounced or ; Korean: 한글 Hangeul/Han'gŭl or 조선글 Chosŏn'gŭl/Joseongeul the Korean alphabet, is the native alphabet of the Korean language. It is a separate script from Hanja, the logographic Chinese characters which are also sometimes used to write Korean...
(한글) between 1910 and 1913 to identify the Korean writing system, which had existed under several other names such as onmun (vernacular script) since the 15th century.
His name is sometimes written without the disambiguity hyphen: Ju Sigyeong and Chu Sigyong. In this case, they are often mispronounced as Sig-yeong and Sig-yong respectively.
External links
- 주시경 (Ju Si-kyeong) a biography with a photo