Joseph-François Malgaigne
Encyclopedia
Joseph-François Malgaigne (February 14, 1806 – October 17, 1865) was a French surgeon
and medical historian
born in Charmes-sur-Moselle
, Vosges
.
He studied medicine in Paris
, and was later a surgeon of Parisian hospitals, including Hôpitals Saint-Louis
, Charité
and Beaujon. At the Hôpital Saint-Louis he was a colleague of Auguste Nélaton
(1807-1873). Malgaigne was father-in-law to surgeon Léon Clément Le Fort
(1829-1893).
Malgaigne is known for his work with bone fractures and dislocations, and specialized in orthopedic surgery
of the knee, hip and shoulder. As an advocate of statistical analysis in medicine, he is remembered for conducting statistical hospital surveys in Paris. In 1834 he published Manuel de medecine operatoire, an influential work on surgical techniques. This book was later translated into several languages.
As an historian, he was a scholar of the works of Hippocrates
and editor of Ambroise Paré
's writings. In 1841 he was founder of the surgical journal- Journal de chirurgie, and in 1846 became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
Associated eponyms:
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
and medical historian
Historian (medical)
"Historian" is a term used by medical professionals to describe a narrator of a medical history.Medical history is usually divided into surgical history , social history , family history , and health or personal...
born in Charmes-sur-Moselle
Charmes, Vosges
Charmes is a commune in the Vosges department in Lorraine in northeastern France.It is located on the Moselle River and the Canal de l'Est.It was extensively destroyed both in the First and Second World Wars. A pleasant stop for mobile home owners and canal boats....
, Vosges
Vosges
Vosges is a French department, named after the local mountain range. It contains the hometown of Joan of Arc, Domrémy.-History:The Vosges department is one of the original 83 departments of France, created on February 9, 1790 during the French Revolution. It was made of territories that had been...
.
He studied medicine in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, and was later a surgeon of Parisian hospitals, including Hôpitals Saint-Louis
Hôpital Saint-Louis
Hôpital Saint-Louis is a hospital in Paris, France. It is part of the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris hospital system, and it is located at 1 avenue Claude-Vellefaux, in the 10th arrondissement, near the metro station: Goncourt.-External links:*...
, Charité
Hôpital de la Charité
Hôpital de la Charité was a hospital in Paris founded in the 17th century and closed in 1935.-History:In 1606, Marie de Médicis invited the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God to come to France. The Abbot of Saint-Germain-des-Prés granted them the use of its former Saint-Père chapel, which...
and Beaujon. At the Hôpital Saint-Louis he was a colleague of Auguste Nélaton
Auguste Nélaton
Auguste Nélaton was a French physician and surgeon. Born at Paris, he began studying medicine in 1828 and was graduated as an M.D. in 1836 with a thesis on the effects of tuberculosis on the bones. Three years later, he became a professor at the Hôpital St. Louis with a habilitation on breast tumors...
(1807-1873). Malgaigne was father-in-law to surgeon Léon Clément Le Fort
Léon Clément Le Fort
Léon Clément Le Fort was a French surgeon remembered for his work on uterine prolapse, including Le Fort's operation...
(1829-1893).
Malgaigne is known for his work with bone fractures and dislocations, and specialized in orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery or orthopedics is the branch of surgery concerned with conditions involving the musculoskeletal system...
of the knee, hip and shoulder. As an advocate of statistical analysis in medicine, he is remembered for conducting statistical hospital surveys in Paris. In 1834 he published Manuel de medecine operatoire, an influential work on surgical techniques. This book was later translated into several languages.
As an historian, he was a scholar of the works of Hippocrates
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Cos or Hippokrates of Kos was an ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles , and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine...
and editor of Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré
Ambroise Paré was a French surgeon. He was the great official royal surgeon for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and is considered as one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology. He was a leader in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the...
's writings. In 1841 he was founder of the surgical journal- Journal de chirurgie, and in 1846 became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
Associated eponyms:
- Malgaigne's amputation: Subastragalar amputation; an amputationAmputationAmputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene. In some cases, it is carried out on individuals as a preventative surgery for...
of the foot in which the astragalusTalus bone-External links:* *...
is conserved. - Malgaigne's fracture: Vertical pelvic fracturePelvic fracturePelvic fracture is a disruption of the bony structure of the pelvis, including the hip bone, sacrum and coccyx. The most common cause in elderly is a fall, but the most significant fractures involve high-energy forces such as a motor vehicle accident, cycling accidents, or a fall from significant...
, disruption of the sacroiliac jointSacroiliac jointThe sacroiliac joint or SI joint is the joint in the bony pelvis between the sacrum and the ilium of the pelvis, which are joined together by strong ligaments. In humans, the sacrum supports the spine and is supported in turn by an ilium on each side...
that essentially separates the pelvis in two. - Malgaigne's luxation: partial dislocation of the head of the radiusRadius (bone)The radius is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size. It is a long bone, prism-shaped and slightly curved longitudinally...
distally under the annular ligamentAnnular ligamentThe anular ligament is a strong band of fibers, which encircles the head of the radius , and retains it in contact with the radial notch of the ulna....
. - Malgaigne's triangle: Historical name for the superior carotid triangleSuperior carotid triangleThe carotid triangle is a portion of the anterior triangle of the neck.-Coverings and boundaries:It is bounded:* posteriorly by the Sternocleidomastoideus;* inferiorly, by the superior belly of the Omohyoideus...
.
Selected writings
- Manuel de medecine operatoire; 1834
- Œuvres complètes d’Ambroise ParéAmbroise ParéAmbroise Paré was a French surgeon. He was the great official royal surgeon for kings Henry II, Francis II, Charles IX and Henry III and is considered as one of the fathers of surgery and modern forensic pathology. He was a leader in surgical techniques and battlefield medicine, especially the...
, revues et collationnées sur toutes les éditions antérieurs, Paris, Baillière, 1840-1841, 3 volumes in-8, edition illustrated by a frontispice, a portrait and 217 figures in the text by Antoine ChazalAntoine ChazalAntoine Chazal was a French painter of flowers and of portraits, as well as an engraver. He studied under Misbach, Bidauld, and Van Spaendonck, and became Professor of Iconography at the Jardin des Plantes. Besides portraits, flowers, and fruit, he painted a few landscapes and altar-pieces for...
. - Traité des fractures et des luxations; 1847
- Traité d'anatomie chirurgicale et de chirurgie expérimentale; 1859