John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute, PC, FRS (30 June 1744 – 16 November 1814) was a British

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

 nobleman.

He was the son of the 3rd Earl of Bute

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute

John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG, PC , styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics...

 and the former Mary Wortley Montagu

Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute

Mary Stuart, Countess of Bute and 1st Baroness Mount Stuart was the daughter of Edward Wortley-Montagu and Lady Mary Pierrepont ....

, a granddaughter of the 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull

Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull

Evelyn Pierrepont, 5th Earl and 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull had been member of parliament for East Retford before his accession to the peerage in 1690. While serving as one of the commissioners for the union with Scotland he was created Marquess of Dorchester in 1706, and took a leading part in...

 and great-granddaughter of the 1st Earl of Sandwich

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich

Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich, KG was an English Infantry officer who later became a naval officer. He was the only surviving son of Sir Sidney Montagu, and was brought up at Hinchingbrooke House....

. As his father's heir he was styled Lord Mount Stuart (or Mountstuart) from birth until his father's death in 1792.

He married The Hon. Charlotte Hickman-Windsor (daughter of the 2nd Viscount Windsor) on 12 November 1766 and they had several children:

• John Stuart, Lord Mount Stuart (25 September 1767 – 22 January 1794), whose son succeeded as 2nd marquess,
• Lord Evelyn Stuart
  Lord Evelyn Stuart
  Colonel Lord Evelyn James Stuart , was a British soldier and Tory politician.Stuart was the second son of John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute, son of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. His mother was the Honourable Charlotte Jane, daughter of Herbert Windsor, 1st Viscount Windsor...
  
   (1773–1842), a colonel in the army
• Lady Charlotte Stuart (c. 1775 – 5 September 1847)
• Lord Henry Stuart (7 June 1777 – 19 August 1809)
• Captain Lord William Stuart
  Lord William Stuart
  Captain Lord William Stuart , was a British naval commander and Tory politician.Stuart was the fifth son of John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute, son of Prime Minister John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. His mother was the Hon. Charlotte Jane, daughter of Herbert Windsor, 2nd Viscount Windsor. He served in...
  
   (18 November 1778 – 28 July 1814)
• Rear-Admiral Lord George Stuart (1 March 1780 – 19 February 1841)

He was educated at Winchester College and Oxford University, and c. 1757 he began to be tutored by the later famous Scottish philosopher Adam Ferguson

Adam Ferguson

Adam Ferguson FRSE, also known as Ferguson of Raith was a Scottish philosopher, social scientist and historian of the Scottish Enlightenment...

.

Lord Mount Stuart was a Tory

Tory

Toryism is a traditionalist and conservative political philosophy which grew out of the Cavalier faction in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. It is a prominent ideology in the politics of the United Kingdom, but also features in parts of The Commonwealth, particularly in Canada...

 Member of Parliament

Member of Parliament

A Member of Parliament is a representative of the voters to a :parliament. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, the term applies specifically to members of the lower house, as upper houses often have a different title, such as senate, and thus also have different titles for its members,...

 for Bossiney

Bossiney (UK Parliament constituency)

Bossiney was a parliamentary constituency in Cornwall, one of a number of Cornish rotten boroughs, and returned two Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from 1552 until 1832, when it was abolished by the Great Reform Act.-History:...

 from 1766 to 1776. On November 2, 1775 he announced in the House of Commons his intention to introduce a bill to establish a militia in Scotland, and during the next few months James Boswell

James Boswell

James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck was a lawyer, diarist, and author born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson....

 assisted in seeking support for the bill in Scotland. In March 1776 the bill was debated, but ultimately failed to pass.

In 1776 Mount Stuart was elevated to the Peerage

Peerage

The Peerage is a legal system of largely hereditary titles in the United Kingdom, which constitute the ranks of British nobility and is part of the British honours system...

 as Baron Cardiff, of Cardiff Castle

Cardiff Castle

Cardiff Castle is a medieval castle and Victorian architecture Gothic revival mansion, transformed from a Norman keep erected over a Roman fort in the Castle Quarter of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. The Castle is a Grade I Listed Building.-The Roman fort:...

 in the County of Glamorgan

Glamorgan

Glamorgan or Glamorganshire is one of the thirteen historic counties and a former administrative county of Wales. It was originally an early medieval kingdom of varying boundaries known as Glywysing until taken over by the Normans as a lordship. Glamorgan is latterly represented by the three...

. Though this title was also used, he continued to be sometimes to be known by his courtesy title of Lord Mount Stuart. In 1779 he was sworn of the Privy Council and was sent as an envoy to the court of Turin. He was ambassador to Spain in 1783. He held the sinecure of Auditor of the imprests

Auditor of the imprests

Auditor of the Imprests was a profitable office of the Exchequer, responsible for auditing the accounts of officers of the English crown to whom money was issued for government expenditure, from 1559 to 1785.-Foundation:...

 from 1781 until the abolition of the office in 1785, upon which he was paid £7000 compensation.

He succeeded his father as 4th Earl of Bute in 1792, and was created Viscount Mountjoy, in the Isle of Wight, Earl of Windsor and Marquess of Bute in 1794. Lord Bute was inducted a Fellow of the Royal Society on 12 December 1799.http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk/downloaddoc.asp?id=3121

His first wife died on 28 January 1800, and he married Frances Coutts (daughter of Thomas Coutts

Thomas Coutts

Thomas Coutts was an Anglo-Scottish banker who was the founder of the banking house of Coutts & Co.He was the fourth son of John Coutts , who carried on business in Edinburgh as a corn factor and negotiator of bills of exchange, and who in 1742 was elected lord provost of the city...

) on 17 September 1800 and had two children:

• Lady Frances Stuart (d. 29 March 1859)
• Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart
  Lord Dudley Stuart
  Lord Dudley Coutts Stuart was a British politician.Stuart was the youngest son of John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute and Frances Coutts.In 1820, he was admitted to Christ Church, Oxford....
  
  (11 January 1803 – 17 November 1854)

His second wife outlived him, and died on 12 November 1832.