Jicaque language
Encyclopedia
Jicaque, also known as Tol, Tolupan, and Torupan, is a language spoken by some 300 Tolupan people
in La Montaña del Flor, Honduras
. In the 16th century it extended to cover much of western Yoro
. There are two Tolan languages, Eastern Jicaque or Tol and Western Jicaque, which had been spoken around El Palmar
, Deptment of Cortés, but which is now extinct. These are close enough to be considered dialects of a single language by some linguists.
Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) present the hypothesis that Jicaque is related to the Tequistlatecan
languages, but this "Tolatecan
" hypothesis needs further study. Greenberg and Swadesh had earlier hypothesized that Jicaque is a Hokan language.
Tolupan people
The Tolupan or Jicaque people is an indigenous ethnic group of Honduras primarily inhabiting the community La Montaña del Flor in central Honduras.- Anthropological references :...
in La Montaña del Flor, Honduras
Honduras
Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
. In the 16th century it extended to cover much of western Yoro
Yoro
Yoro is the capital city of the Yoro department of Honduras....
. There are two Tolan languages, Eastern Jicaque or Tol and Western Jicaque, which had been spoken around El Palmar
El Palmar
El Palmar is the name of several geographical locations:*Argentina**El Palmar, Argentina*Dominican Republic**El Palmar, Dominican Republic*Guatemala**El Palmar, Quetzaltenango*Mexico**El Palmar, Oaxaca**El Palmar, San Luis Potosí...
, Deptment of Cortés, but which is now extinct. These are close enough to be considered dialects of a single language by some linguists.
Campbell and Oltrogge (1980) present the hypothesis that Jicaque is related to the Tequistlatecan
Tequistlatecan
The Tequistlatecan languages, also called Chontal of Oaxaca, are three close but distinct languages spoken by the Chontal people of Oaxaca State, Mexico:*Huamelultec ,*Tequistlatec proper ,*Highland Oaxaca Chontal....
languages, but this "Tolatecan
Tolatecan languages
Tolatecan is a proposal by Campbell and Oltrogge linking two language families of Mesoamerica, Tequistlatecan and Tol/Jicaque languages of Honduras....
" hypothesis needs further study. Greenberg and Swadesh had earlier hypothesized that Jicaque is a Hokan language.
Linguistic references
- Campbell, Lyle. (1979). Middle American languages. In L. Campbell & M. Mithun (Eds.), The languages of native America: Historical and comparative assessment (pp. 902–1000). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian Languages, The Historical Linguistics of Native America, Oxford Studies in Anthropological Linguistics, Oxford University Press
- Campbell, Lyle and David Oltrogge (1980). Proto-Tol (Jicaque), International Journal of American Linguistics, 46:205-223
- Dennis, Ronald K. (1976). La lengua tol (jicaque): los sustantivos. Yaxkin 1(3): 2-7.
- Flemming, Ila. (1977). Tol (Jicaque) phonology. International Journal of American Linguistics 43(2): 121-127.
- Greenberg, Joseph H. and Morris Swadesh(1953). Jicaque as a Hokan Language. International Journal of American Linguistics 19: 216-222.
- Holt, Dennis. (1999). Tol (Jicaque). Languages of the World/Materials 170. Munich: LincomEuropa.