Jannu
Encyclopedia
Jannu or Kumbhakarna is the 32nd highest mountain in the world. It is an important Western outlier of Kangchenjunga
, the world's third highest peak. Jannu is a large and steep peak in its own right, and has numerous challenging climbing routes.
The official name of this peak is Kumbhakarna, but the designation Jannu is still better known. It is called Phoktanglungma in native Limbu language
, (Phoktang means Shoulder and Lungma means Mountain), literally "Mountain with shoulders" and it is sacred in Kirant
religion.
's classification), which straddles the border between Nepal and Sikkim
. Jannu is entirely within Nepal. A long ridge connects it to Kangchenjunga on the east.
(using a cutoff of 500m prominence
, or re-ascent).
It is more notable for its climbing challenge: it is one of the hardest peaks in the world in
terms of technical difficulty, due to a complex structure, a large rise above local terrain, and particularly steep climbing near the summit. The North Face, in particular, has been the scene of some of the most technical (and controversial) climbing ever done at altitudes over 7000m.
. Those reaching the summit were Robert Paragot, Paul Kellar, René Desmaison, and Sherpa Gyalzen Mitchu (April 28) and Jean Ravier, Lionel Terray, and Sherpa Wangdi (April 29).
Their route started from the Yamatari Glacier south of the peak and followed a circuitous route to the large plateau known as the Throne (a hanging glacier south of the summit). It then climbed to the summit via the Southeast Ridge.
The huge, steep North Face (the so-called "Wall of Shadows") was first climbed in 1976 by a Japanese team, by a route that starts on the left side of the face and then meets the East Ridge, avoiding the steep headwall at the top of the face (though a New Zealand team had climed the North Face the previous year without proceeding to the summit). A Slovenian climber, Tomo Cesen, claimed a solo ascent of a more direct route on the face in 1989, but this claim is considered suspect by many in the climbing community.
In 2004, after a failed attempt the previous year, a Russian team led by Alexander Odintsov succeeded in climbing the direct North Face route through the headwall. This required big-wall aid techniques in a sustained, committing setting at over 7500m, a major achievement. However some in the climbing community were upset to learn that the Russians left a good deal of equipment on the wall, provoking a debate over what constitutes appropriate modern style on such a route. Despite the controversy, the team won the Piolet d'Or
for the ascent.
The Himalayan Index lists over a dozen ascents of Jannu; there may be others that did not get written up in the climbing literature.
Kangchenjunga
Kangchenjunga is the third highest mountain of the world with an elevation of and located along the India-Nepal border in the Himalayas.Kangchenjunga is also the name of the section of the Himalayas and means "The Five Treasures of Snows", as it contains five peaks, four of them over...
, the world's third highest peak. Jannu is a large and steep peak in its own right, and has numerous challenging climbing routes.
The official name of this peak is Kumbhakarna, but the designation Jannu is still better known. It is called Phoktanglungma in native Limbu language
Limbu language
Limbu is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nepal, Bhutan, Sikkim, Kashmir and Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India, by the Limbu community. Virtually all Limbus are bilingual in Nepali....
, (Phoktang means Shoulder and Lungma means Mountain), literally "Mountain with shoulders" and it is sacred in Kirant
Kirant
Kirat or Kirati are indigenous ethnic groups of the Himalayas extending eastward from Nepal into India, Burma and beyond. They migrated to their present locations via Assam, Burma, Tibet and Yunnan in ancient times...
religion.
Location
Jannu is the highest peak of the Kumbhakarna Section of the Kangchenjunga Himal (using H. Adams CarterH. Adams Carter
Hubert Adams "Ad" Carter was an American mountaineer, language teacher and was editor of the American Alpine Journal for 35 years....
's classification), which straddles the border between Nepal and Sikkim
Sikkim
Sikkim is a landlocked Indian state nestled in the Himalayan mountains...
. Jannu is entirely within Nepal. A long ridge connects it to Kangchenjunga on the east.
Notable features
Jannu is the 32nd highest mountain in the world(using a cutoff of 500m prominence
Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height, shoulder drop , or prime factor , categorizes the height of the mountain's or hill's summit by the elevation between it and the lowest contour line encircling it and no higher summit...
, or re-ascent).
It is more notable for its climbing challenge: it is one of the hardest peaks in the world in
terms of technical difficulty, due to a complex structure, a large rise above local terrain, and particularly steep climbing near the summit. The North Face, in particular, has been the scene of some of the most technical (and controversial) climbing ever done at altitudes over 7000m.
Climbing history
Jannu was first reconnoitered in 1957 by Guido Magnone, and first attempted in 1959 by a French team led by Jean Franco. It was first climbed in 1962 by a team led by the noted French alpinist Lionel TerrayLionel Terray
Lionel Terray was a French climber who made many first ascents, including Makalu in the Himalaya and Cerro Fitzroy in the Patagonian Andes ....
. Those reaching the summit were Robert Paragot, Paul Kellar, René Desmaison, and Sherpa Gyalzen Mitchu (April 28) and Jean Ravier, Lionel Terray, and Sherpa Wangdi (April 29).
Their route started from the Yamatari Glacier south of the peak and followed a circuitous route to the large plateau known as the Throne (a hanging glacier south of the summit). It then climbed to the summit via the Southeast Ridge.
The huge, steep North Face (the so-called "Wall of Shadows") was first climbed in 1976 by a Japanese team, by a route that starts on the left side of the face and then meets the East Ridge, avoiding the steep headwall at the top of the face (though a New Zealand team had climed the North Face the previous year without proceeding to the summit). A Slovenian climber, Tomo Cesen, claimed a solo ascent of a more direct route on the face in 1989, but this claim is considered suspect by many in the climbing community.
In 2004, after a failed attempt the previous year, a Russian team led by Alexander Odintsov succeeded in climbing the direct North Face route through the headwall. This required big-wall aid techniques in a sustained, committing setting at over 7500m, a major achievement. However some in the climbing community were upset to learn that the Russians left a good deal of equipment on the wall, provoking a debate over what constitutes appropriate modern style on such a route. Despite the controversy, the team won the Piolet d'Or
Piolet d'Or
The Piolet d'Or is an annual mountaineering award given by the French magazine Montagnes and The Groupe de Haute Montagne since 1991...
for the ascent.
The Himalayan Index lists over a dozen ascents of Jannu; there may be others that did not get written up in the climbing literature.
External links
- Himalayan Index
- DEM files for the Himalaya (Corrected versions of SRTM data)