James Caldwell was a Scottish politician. He served as an MP for two constituencies.

He was first elected for Glasgow St Rollox (UK Parliament constituency) in 1886 as a Liberal Unionist. During his term he went over to the Liberals

Scottish Liberal Party

The Scottish Liberal Party was the dominant political party of Victorian Scotland, and although its importance declined with the rise of the Labour and Unionist parties during the 20th century, it was still a significant force when it finally merged with the Social Democratic Party in Scotland, to...

, and in 1892 he stood for re-election not in his own constituency but in Glasgow Tradeston (UK Parliament constituency)

Glasgow Tradeston (UK Parliament constituency)

Glasgow Tradeston was a burgh constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1955. It elected one Member of Parliament using the first-past-the-post voting system.-Boundaries:...

, where he was narrowly defeated.

He was then elected as Liberal MP for Mid Lanarkshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Mid Lanarkshire (UK Parliament constituency)

Mid Lanarkshire was a county constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1885 to 1918. It elected one Member of Parliament by the first past the post voting system.- Boundaries :...

at a by-election in 1894, where he served up to January 1910, when he stood down.