Jakob von Hartmann
Encyclopedia
Jakob Freiherr von Hartmann (4 February 1795 – 23 February 1873) was a Bavarian general
who served in the Austro-Prussian War
and Franco-Prussian War
.
. After graduating from Saint-Cyr
in July 1811 he was named a second lieutenant in the regiment. By December he had been promoted to first lieutenant. He served in the campaigns of 1814 and 1815 in the 27th Infantry Regiment, during which time he was awarded the Legion d’Honneur. In February 1816 he asked for and was released from the French service.
. In 1822 he was given command of a company of pioneers. In 1827 he was given a position in the Bavarian Ministry of War
. Hartmann was promoted to captain in 1829 and to major in 1838. In October 1842 Hartmann was named an aide-de-camp to the Crown Prince of Bavaria
. In December 1843 he was ennobled a knight in the Bavarian nobility, entitling him to the use of “von” in his name.
In 1844 Hartmann was promoted to lieutenant colonel. After the Crown Prince became King Maximilian II in 1848 he was named a personal aide-de-camp to the King and promoted to colonel. In June 1849 he was promoted to major general and given command of a brigade in the 2nd Royal Bavarian Division
. In 1852 he once more became a personal aide-de-camp to the King. In 1855 he once more commanded a brigade in the 2nd Division.
Hartmann was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1861 and given command of the garrison at Würzburg
. During the Austro-Prussian War
Bavaria joined the Austrian side and Hartmann commanded the 4th Royal Bavarian Division
in engagements against the Prussians at Rossdorf and Hettstadt
. After the defeat of Austria and its allies, Hartmann was retained in his command. In January 1869 Hartmann was promoted to General der Infanterie.
When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Bavaria fought on the side of its erstwhile enemy Prussia. Hartmann was given command of the II. Bavarian Army Corps, which was together with its sister Corps - I Bavarian Army Corps under von der Tann
- part of the III Army, lead by the Crown Prince of Prussia
. Hartmann lead the II Corps in the battles of Wissembourg, Wörth and Sedan. When the German armies neared Paris
he fought in engagements at Corbeil, Bourg-la-Reine, Petit-Bicètre and Moulin de la Tour. On 19 September 1870 Hartmann defeated General Ducrot
in an engagement at Sceaux.
In July 1871 he was further ennobled a Freiherr. After the end of the war he kept command of his corps until his death.
Kingdom of Bavaria
The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...
who served in the Austro-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...
and Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
.
Early life and French service
Hartmann was born the son of Georg Hartmann and Barbara Geither. His maternal uncle was the French general Michael Geither. Hartmann entered the French army in October 1804 as an infantryman in the 15th Light Infantry Regiment. Two years later he was transferred to the Infantry regiment of the Grand Duchy of BergGrand Duchy of Berg
The Grand Duchy of Berg was established by Napoleon Bonaparte after his victory at the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz on territories between the French Empire at the Rhine river and the Kingdom of Westphalia.-History:...
. After graduating from Saint-Cyr
Saint-Cyr-l'École
Saint-Cyr-l'École is a commune in the western suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.It used to host the training school for officers of the French army, the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr , which was relocated to Coëtquidan in 1945.The old buildings of the ESM are...
in July 1811 he was named a second lieutenant in the regiment. By December he had been promoted to first lieutenant. He served in the campaigns of 1814 and 1815 in the 27th Infantry Regiment, during which time he was awarded the Legion d’Honneur. In February 1816 he asked for and was released from the French service.
Bavarian service
In July 1816 Hartmann entered the Bavarian 10th Regiment of the Line as a first lieutenant. In 1818 he was posted to the Topgraphical BureauTopography
Topography is the study of Earth's surface shape and features or those ofplanets, moons, and asteroids...
. In 1822 he was given command of a company of pioneers. In 1827 he was given a position in the Bavarian Ministry of War
Ministry of War (Kingdom of Bavaria)
The Ministry of War was a ministry for military affairs of the Kingdom of Bavaria, founded as Ministerium des Kriegswesens on October 1, 1808 by King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. It was located at Ludwigstraße in Munich...
. Hartmann was promoted to captain in 1829 and to major in 1838. In October 1842 Hartmann was named an aide-de-camp to the Crown Prince of Bavaria
Maximilian II of Bavaria
Maximilian II of Bavaria was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864. He was son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.-Crown Prince:...
. In December 1843 he was ennobled a knight in the Bavarian nobility, entitling him to the use of “von” in his name.
In 1844 Hartmann was promoted to lieutenant colonel. After the Crown Prince became King Maximilian II in 1848 he was named a personal aide-de-camp to the King and promoted to colonel. In June 1849 he was promoted to major general and given command of a brigade in the 2nd Royal Bavarian Division
2nd Royal Bavarian Division
The 2nd Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army which served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army. The division was formed on November 27, 1815 as the Infantry Division of the Munich General Command...
. In 1852 he once more became a personal aide-de-camp to the King. In 1855 he once more commanded a brigade in the 2nd Division.
Hartmann was promoted to lieutenant-general in 1861 and given command of the garrison at Würzburg
Würzburg
Würzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian....
. During the Austro-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...
Bavaria joined the Austrian side and Hartmann commanded the 4th Royal Bavarian Division
4th Royal Bavarian Division
The 4th Royal Bavarian Division was a unit of the Royal Bavarian Army which served alongside the Prussian Army as part of the Imperial German Army. The division was formed on November 27, 1815 as an Infantry Division of the Würzburg General Command...
in engagements against the Prussians at Rossdorf and Hettstadt
Hettstadt
Hettstadt is a municipality in the district of Würzburg in Bavaria, Germany....
. After the defeat of Austria and its allies, Hartmann was retained in his command. In January 1869 Hartmann was promoted to General der Infanterie.
When the Franco-Prussian War broke out, Bavaria fought on the side of its erstwhile enemy Prussia. Hartmann was given command of the II. Bavarian Army Corps, which was together with its sister Corps - I Bavarian Army Corps under von der Tann
Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen
Ludwig Samson Arthur Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen was a Bavarian general.-Early life:Born at Darmstadt, on the day of Waterloo, Ludwig von der Tann was descended from the old family of von der Tann, which had branches in Bavaria, the Alsace and the Rhine provinces, and attached his...
- part of the III Army, lead by the Crown Prince of Prussia
Frederick III, German Emperor
Frederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service...
. Hartmann lead the II Corps in the battles of Wissembourg, Wörth and Sedan. When the German armies neared Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
he fought in engagements at Corbeil, Bourg-la-Reine, Petit-Bicètre and Moulin de la Tour. On 19 September 1870 Hartmann defeated General Ducrot
Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot
Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot was a French general. Ducrot served in Algeria, in the Italian campaign of 1859, and as a division commander in the Franco-Prussian War....
in an engagement at Sceaux.
In July 1871 he was further ennobled a Freiherr. After the end of the war he kept command of his corps until his death.
Reference
- Howard, MichaelMichael Howard (historian)Sir Michael Eliot Howard, OM, CH, CBE, MC, FBA is a British military historian, formerly Chichele Professor of the History of War and Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford University, and Robert A...
, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871, New York: Routledge, 2001. ISBN 0-415-26671-8.