Isotopes of yttrium
Encyclopedia
Natural yttrium
(Y) is composed of only one isotope
89Y. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y which has a half-life
of 106.65 days and 91Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture
and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-six unstable isotopes have been characterized.
90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope
strontium
-90, which is a product of nuclear fission
.
Standard atomic mass: 88.90585(2) u
Yttrium
Yttrium is a chemical element with symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and it has often been classified as a "rare earth element". Yttrium is almost always found combined with the lanthanides in rare earth minerals and is...
(Y) is composed of only one isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
89Y. The most stable radioisotopes are 88Y which has a half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of 106.65 days and 91Y with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except 87Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and 90Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable 89Y is electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...
and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Twenty-six unstable isotopes have been characterized.
90Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope
Decay chain
In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations...
strontium
Strontium
Strontium is a chemical element with the symbol Sr and the atomic number 38. An alkaline earth metal, strontium is a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element that is highly reactive chemically. The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. It occurs naturally in the minerals celestine and...
-90, which is a product of nuclear fission
Nuclear fission
In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts , often producing free neutrons and photons , and releasing a tremendous amount of energy...
.
Standard atomic mass: 88.90585(2) u
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... ) |
N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... ) |
isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe Age of the universe The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model... ) |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||||
| 76Y | 39 | 37 | 75.95845(54)# | 500# ns [>170 ns] | |||||
| 77Y | 39 | 38 | 76.94965(7)# | 63(17) ms | p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... (>99.9%) |
76Sr | 5/2+# | ||
| β+ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... (<.1%) |
77Sr | ||||||||
| 78Y | 39 | 39 | 77.94361(43)# | 54(5) ms | β+ | 78Sr | (0+) | ||
| 78mY | 0(500)# keV | 5.8(5) s | 5+# | ||||||
| 79Y | 39 | 40 | 78.93735(48) | 14.8(6) s | β+ (>99.9%) | 79Sr | (5/2+)# | ||
| β+, p (<.1%) | 78Rb | ||||||||
| 80Y | 39 | 41 | 79.93428(19) | 30.1(5) s | β+ | 80Sr | 4- | ||
| 80m1Y | 228.5(1) keV | 4.8(3) s | (1-) | ||||||
| 80m2Y | 312.6(9) keV | 4.7(3) µs | (2+) | ||||||
| 81Y | 39 | 42 | 80.92913(7) | 70.4(10) s | β+ | 81Sr | (5/2+) | ||
| 82Y | 39 | 43 | 81.92679(11) | 8.30(20) s | β+ | 82Sr | 1+ | ||
| 82m1Y | 402.63(14) keV | 268(25) ns | 4- | ||||||
| 82m2Y | 507.50(13) keV | 147(7) ns | 6+ | ||||||
| 83Y | 39 | 44 | 82.92235(5) | 7.08(6) min | β+ | 83Sr | 9/2+ | ||
| 83mY | 61.98(11) keV | 2.85(2) min | β+ (60%) | 83Sr | (3/2-) | ||||
| IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... (40%) |
83Y | ||||||||
| 84Y | 39 | 45 | 83.92039(10) | 4.6(2) s | β+ | 84Sr | 1+ | ||
| 84mY | -80(190) keV | 39.5(8) min | β+ | 84Sr | (5-) | ||||
| 85Y | 39 | 46 | 84.916433(20) | 2.68(5) h | β+ | 85Sr | (1/2)- | ||
| 85m1Y | 19.8(5) keV | 4.86(13) h | β+ (99.998%) | 85Sr | 9/2+ | ||||
| IT (.002%) | 85Y | ||||||||
| 85m2Y | 266.30(20) keV | 178(6) ns | 5/2- | ||||||
| 86Y | 39 | 47 | 85.914886(15) | 14.74(2) h | β+ | 86Sr | 4- | ||
| 86m1Y | 218.30(20) keV | 48(1) min | IT (99.31%) | 86Y | (8+) | ||||
| β+ (.69%) | 86Sr | ||||||||
| 86m2Y | 302.2(5) keV | 125(6) ns | (7-) | ||||||
| 87Y | 39 | 48 | 86.9108757(17) | 79.8(3) h | β+ | 87Sr | 1/2- | ||
| 87mY | 380.82(7) keV | 13.37(3) h | IT (98.43%) | 87Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| β+ (1.56%) | 87Sr | ||||||||
| 88Y | 39 | 49 | 87.9095011(20) | 106.616(13) d | β+ | 88Sr | 4- | ||
| 88m1Y | 674.55(4) keV | 13.9(2) ms | IT | 88Y | (8)+ | ||||
| 88m2Y | 392.86(9) keV | 300(3) µs | 1+ | ||||||
| 89YFission product Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus fissions. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large release of energy in the form of heat , gamma rays and neutrinos. The... |
39 | 50 | 88.9058483(27) | Stable | 1/2- | 1.0000 | |||
| 89mY | 908.97(3) keV | 15.663(5) s | IT | 89Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| 90Y | 39 | 51 | 89.9071519(27) | 64.053(20) h | β- | 90Zr | 2- | ||
| 90mY | 681.67(10) keV | 3.19(6) h | IT (99.99%) | 90Y | 7+ | ||||
| β- (.0018%) | 90Zr | ||||||||
| 91Y | 39 | 52 | 90.907305(3) | 58.51(6) d | β- | 91Zr | 1/2- | ||
| 91mY | 555.58(5) keV | 49.71(4) min | IT (98.5%) | 91Y | 9/2+ | ||||
| β- (1.5%) | 91Zr | ||||||||
| 92Y | 39 | 53 | 91.908949(10) | 3.54(1) h | β- | 92Zr | 2- | ||
| 93Y | 39 | 54 | 92.909583(11) | 10.18(8) h | β- | 93Zr | 1/2- | ||
| 93mY | 758.719(21) keV | 820(40) ms | IT | 93Y | 7/2+ | ||||
| 94Y | 39 | 55 | 93.911595(8) | 18.7(1) min | β- | 94Zr | 2- | ||
| 95Y | 39 | 56 | 94.912821(8) | 10.3(1) min | β- | 95Zr | 1/2- | ||
| 96Y | 39 | 57 | 95.915891(25) | 5.34(5) s | β- | 96Zr | 0- | ||
| 96mY | 1140(30) keV | 9.6(2) s | β- | 96Zr | (8)+ | ||||
| 97Y | 39 | 58 | 96.918134(13) | 3.75(3) s | β- (99.942%) | 97Zr | (1/2-) | ||
| β-, n Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... (.058%) |
96Zr | ||||||||
| 97m1Y | 667.51(23) keV | 1.17(3) s | β- (99.3%) | 97Zr | (9/2)+ | ||||
| IT (.7%) | 97Y | ||||||||
| β-, n (.08%) | 96Zr | ||||||||
| 97m2Y | 3523.3(4) keV | 142(8) ms | (27/2-) | ||||||
| 98Y | 39 | 59 | 97.922203(26) | 0.548(2) s | β- (99.669%) | 98Zr | (0)- | ||
| β-, n (.331%) | 97Zr | ||||||||
| 98m1Y | 170.74(6) keV | 620(80) ns | (2)- | ||||||
| 98m2Y | 410(30) keV | 2.0(2) s | β- (86.6%) | 98Zr | (5+,4-) | ||||
| IT (10%) | 98Y | ||||||||
| β-, n (3.4%) | 97Zr | ||||||||
| 98m3Y | 496.19(15) keV | 7.6(4) µs | (2-) | ||||||
| 98m4Y | 1181.1(4) keV | 0.83(10) µs | (8-) | ||||||
| 99Y | 39 | 60 | 98.924636(26) | 1.470(7) s | β- (98.1%) | 99Zr | (5/2+) | ||
| β-, n (1.9%) | 98Zr | ||||||||
| 99mY | 2141.65(19) keV | 8.6(8) µs | (17/2+) | ||||||
| 100Y | 39 | 61 | 99.92776(8) | 735(7) ms | β- (98.98%) | 100Zr | 1-,2- | ||
| β-, n (1.02%) | 99Zr | ||||||||
| 100mY | 200(200)# keV | 940(30) ms | β- | 100Zr | (3,4,5)(+#) | ||||
| 101Y | 39 | 62 | 100.93031(10) | 426(20) ms | β- (98.06%) | 101Zr | (5/2+) | ||
| β-, n (1.94%) | 100Zr | ||||||||
| 102Y | 39 | 63 | 101.93356(9) | 0.30(1) s | β- (95.1%) | 102Zr | |||
| β-, n (4.9%) | 101Zr | ||||||||
| 102mY | 200(200)# keV | 360(40) ms | β- (94%) | 102Zr | high | ||||
| β-, n (6%) | 101Zr | ||||||||
| 103Y | 39 | 64 | 102.93673(32)# | 224(19) ms | β- (91.7%) | 103Zr | 5/2+# | ||
| β-, n (8.3%) | 102Zr | ||||||||
| 104Y | 39 | 65 | 103.94105(43)# | 180(60) ms | β- | 104Zr | |||
| 105Y | 39 | 66 | 104.94487(54)# | 60# ms [>300 ns] | β- | 105Zr | 5/2+# | ||
| 106Y | 39 | 67 | 105.94979(75)# | 50# ms [>300 ns] | β- | 106Zr | |||
| 107Y | 39 | 68 | 106.95414(54)# | 30# ms [>300 ns] | 5/2+# | ||||
| 108Y | 39 | 69 | 107.95948(86)# | 20# [>300 ns] | |||||