Isotopes of rhenium
Encyclopedia
Naturally occurring rhenium
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element with the symbol Re and atomic number 75. It is a silvery-white, heavy, third-row transition metal in group 7 of the periodic table. With an average concentration of 1 part per billion , rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. The free element has...

(Re) is 37.4% 185Re, which is stable
Stable isotope
Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...

, and 62.6% 187Re, which is unstable
Radionuclide
A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...

 but has a very long half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...

 (41.2×109 years). Among elements with a known stable isotope, only indium
Indium
Indium is a chemical element with the symbol In and atomic number 49. This rare, very soft, malleable and easily fusible post-transition metal is chemically similar to gallium and thallium, and shows the intermediate properties between these two...

 and tellurium similarly occur with a stable isotope in lower abundance than the long-lived radioactive isotope.

There are 33 other unstable isotopes recognized, the longest-lived of which are 183Re with a half-life of 70 days, 184Re with a half-life of 38 days, 186Re with a half-life of 3.7186 days, 182Re with a half-life of 64.0 hours, and 189Re with a half-life of 24.3 hours. There are also numerous isomers
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...

, the longest-lived of which are 186mRe with a half-life of 200,000 years and 184mRe with a half-life of 169 days. All others have half-lives less than a day.

Standard atomic mass: 186.207(1) u

Table

nuclide
symbol
Z(p
Proton
The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number....

)
N(n
Neutron
The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of...

)
 
isotopic mass (u)
 
half-lifeBold for isotopes with half-lives longer than the age of the universe (nearly stable) decay
mode(s)Abbreviations:
EC: Electron capture
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...


IT: Isomeric transition
Isomeric transition
An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....

daughter
isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe
Age of the universe
The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model...

)
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
excitation energy
160Re 75 85 159.98212(43)# 860(120) µs
[0.82(+15-9) ms]
p
Proton emission
Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very...

 (91%)
159W (2-)
α
Alpha decay
Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less...

 (9%)
156Ta
161Re 75 86 160.97759(22) 0.37(4) ms p 160W 1/2+
161mRe 123.8(13) keV 15.6(9) ms α 157Ta 11/2-
162Re 75 87 161.97600(22)# 107(13) ms α (94%) 158Ta (2-)
β+
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a...

 (6%)
162W
162mRe 173(10) keV 77(9) ms α (91%) 158Ta (9+)
β+ (9%) 162W
163Re 75 88 162.972081(21) 390(70) ms β+ (68%) 163W (1/2+)
α (32%) 159Ta
163mRe 115(4) keV 214(5) ms α (66%) 159Ta (11/2-)
β+ (34%) 163W
164Re 75 89 163.97032(17)# 0.53(23) s α (58%) 160Ta high
β+ (42%) 164W
164mRe 120(120)# keV 530(230) ms (2#)-
165Re 75 90 164.967089(30) 1# s β+ 165W 1/2+#
α 161Ta
165mRe 47(26) keV 2.1(3) s β+ (87%) 165W 11/2-#
α (13%) 161Ta
166Re 75 91 165.96581(9)# 2# s β+ 166W 2-#
α 162Ta
167Re 75 92 166.96260(6)# 3.4(4) s α 163Ta 9/2-#
β+ 167W
167mRe 130(40)# keV 5.9(3) s β+ (99.3%) 167W 1/2+#
α (.7%) 163Ta
168Re 75 93 167.96157(3) 4.4(1) s β+ (99.99%) 168W (5+,6+,7+)
α (.005%) 164Ta
168mRe non-exist 6.6(15) s
169Re 75 94 168.95879(3) 8.1(5) s β+ (99.99%) 169W 9/2-#
α (.005%) 165Ta
169mRe 145(29) keV 15.1(15) s β+ (99.8%) 169W 1/2+#
α (.2%) 164Ta
170Re 75 95 169.958220(28) 9.2(2) s β+ (99.99%) 170W (5+)
α (.01%) 166Ta
171Re 75 96 170.95572(3) 15.2(4) s β+ 171W (9/2-)
172Re 75 97 171.95542(6) 15(3) s β+ 172W (5)
172mRe 0(100)# keV 55(5) s β+ 172W (2)
173Re 75 98 172.95324(3) 1.98(26) min β+ 173W (5/2-)
174Re 75 99 173.95312(3) 2.40(4) min β+ 174W
175Re 75 100 174.95138(3) 5.89(5) min β+ 175W (5/2-)
176Re 75 101 175.95162(3) 5.3(3) min β+ 176W 3+
177Re 75 102 176.95033(3) 14(1) min β+ 177W 5/2-
177mRe 84.71(10) keV 50(10) µs 5/2+
178Re 75 103 177.95099(3) 13.2(2) min β+ 178W (3+)
179Re 75 104 178.949988(26) 19.5(1) min β+ 179W (5/2)+
179m1Re 65.39(9) keV 95(25) µs (5/2-)
179m2Re 1684.59(14)+Y keV >0.4 µs (23/2+)
180Re 75 105 179.950789(23) 2.44(6) min β+ 180W (1)-
181Re 75 106 180.950068(14) 19.9(7) h β+ 181W 5/2+
182Re 75 107 181.95121(11) 64.0(5) h β+ 182W 7+
182m1Re 60(100) keV 12.7(2) h β+ 182W 2+
182m2Re 235.736(10)+X keV 585(21) ns 2-
182m3Re 461.3(1)+X keV 0.78(9) µs (4-)
183Re 75 108 182.950820(9) 70.0(14) d EC
Electron capture
Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino...

183W 5/2+
183mRe 1907.6(3) keV 1.04(4) ms IT
Isomeric transition
An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer....

183Re (25/2+)
184Re 75 109 183.952521(5) 38.0(5) d β+ 184W 3(-)
184mRe 188.01(4) keV 169(8) d IT (75.4%) 184Re 8(+)
β+ (24.6%) 184W
185Re 75 110 184.9529550(13) Observationally StableBelieved to undergo α decay to 181Ta 5/2+ 0.3740(2)
185mRe 2124(2) keV 123(23) ns (21/2)
186Re 75 111 185.9549861(13) 3.7186(5) d β- (93.1%) 186Os 1-
EC (6.9%) 186W
186mRe 149(7) keV 2.0(5)×105 a IT (90%) 186Re (8+)
β- (10%) 186Os
187Reprimordial
Primordial nuclide
In geochemistry and geonuclear physics, primordial nuclides or primordial isotopes are nuclides found on the earth that have existed in their current form since before Earth was formed. Only 288 such nuclides are known...

 radionuclide
Radionuclide
A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy available to be imparted either to a newly created radiation particle within the nucleus or to an atomic electron. The radionuclide, in this process, undergoes radioactive decay, and emits gamma...

Used in rhenium-osmium dating
Rhenium-osmium dating
Rhenium-Osmium dating is a form of radiometric dating based on the beta decay of the isotope 187Re to 187Os. This normally occurs with a half-life of 41.6 × 109 y, but studies using fully ionised 187Re atoms have found that this can decrease to only 33 y...

75 112 186.9557531(15) 41.2(2)×109 aCan undergo Bound-state β- decay with a half-life of 33 years when fully ion
Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. The name was given by physicist Michael Faraday for the substances that allow a current to pass between electrodes in a...

ized
β- (99.99%) 187Os 5/2+ 0.6260(2)
α (10−4%) 183Ta
188Re 75 113 187.9581144(15) 17.0040(22) h β- 188Os 1-
188mRe 172.069(9) keV 18.59(4) min IT 188Re (6)-
189Re 75 114 188.959229(9) 24.3(4) h β- 189Os 5/2+
190Re 75 115 189.96182(16) 3.1(3) min β- 190Os (2)-
190mRe 210(50) keV 3.2(2) h β- (54.4%) 190Os (6-)
IT (45.6%) 190Re
191Re 75 116 190.963125(11) 9.8(5) min β- 191Os (3/2+,1/2+)
192Re 75 117 191.96596(21)# 16(1) s β- 192Os
193Re 75 118 192.96747(21)# 30# s [>300 ns] 5/2+#
194Re 75 119 193.97042(32)# 2# s [>300 ns]

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