Isotopes of antimony
Encyclopedia
Antimony
(Sb) occurs in two stable
isotope
s, 121Sb and 123Sb. There are thirty-five artificial radioactive isotopes, the longest-lived of which are 125Sb with a half-life
of 2.75856 years, 124Sb with a half-life of 60.2 days, and 126Sb with a half-life of 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour.
There are also many isomers
, the longest-lived of which is 120m1Sb with a half-life of 5.76 days.
Standard atomic mass: 121.760(1) u
Antimony
Antimony is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite...
(Sb) occurs in two stable
Stable isotope
Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that may or may not be radioactive, but if radioactive, have half-lives too long to be measured.Only 90 nuclides from the first 40 elements are energetically stable to any kind of decay save proton decay, in theory...
isotope
Isotope
Isotopes are variants of atoms of a particular chemical element, which have differing numbers of neutrons. Atoms of a particular element by definition must contain the same number of protons but may have a distinct number of neutrons which differs from atom to atom, without changing the designation...
s, 121Sb and 123Sb. There are thirty-five artificial radioactive isotopes, the longest-lived of which are 125Sb with a half-life
Half-life
Half-life, abbreviated t½, is the period of time it takes for the amount of a substance undergoing decay to decrease by half. The name was originally used to describe a characteristic of unstable atoms , but it may apply to any quantity which follows a set-rate decay.The original term, dating to...
of 2.75856 years, 124Sb with a half-life of 60.2 days, and 126Sb with a half-life of 12.35 days. All other isotopes have half-lives less than 4 days, most less than an hour.
There are also many isomers
Nuclear isomer
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons . "Metastable" refers to the fact that these excited states have half-lives more than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the other possible excited nuclear states...
, the longest-lived of which is 120m1Sb with a half-life of 5.76 days.
Standard atomic mass: 121.760(1) u
Table
| nuclide symbol |
Z(p Proton The proton is a subatomic particle with the symbol or and a positive electric charge of 1 elementary charge. One or more protons are present in the nucleus of each atom, along with neutrons. The number of protons in each atom is its atomic number.... ) |
N(n Neutron The neutron is a subatomic hadron particle which has the symbol or , no net electric charge and a mass slightly larger than that of a proton. With the exception of hydrogen, nuclei of atoms consist of protons and neutrons, which are therefore collectively referred to as nucleons. The number of... ) |
isotopic mass (u) |
half-life | decay mode(s)Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... IT: Isomeric transition Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
daughter isotope(s)Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe Age of the universe The age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang posited by the most widely accepted scientific model of cosmology. The best current estimate of the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.13 billion years within the Lambda-CDM concordance model... ) |
nuclear spin |
representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) |
range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| excitation energy | |||||||||
| 103Sb | 51 | 52 | 102.93969(32)# | 100# ms [>1.5 µs] | β+ Beta decay In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle is emitted from an atom. There are two types of beta decay: beta minus and beta plus. In the case of beta decay that produces an electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus , while in the case of a... |
103Sn | 5/2+# | ||
| 104Sb | 51 | 53 | 103.93647(39)# | 0.47(13) s [0.44(+15-11) s] |
β+ (86%) | 104Sn | |||
| p Proton emission Proton emission is a type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus. Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state of very... (7%) |
103Sn | ||||||||
| β+, p (7%) | 103In | ||||||||
| α Alpha decay Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits an alpha particle and thereby transforms into an atom with a mass number 4 less and atomic number 2 less... (<1%) |
100In | ||||||||
| 105Sb | 51 | 54 | 104.93149(11) | 1.12(16) s | β+ (99%) | 105Sn | (5/2+) | ||
| p (1%) | 104Sn | ||||||||
| β+, p (<1%) | 104In | ||||||||
| 106Sb | 51 | 55 | 105.92879(34)# | 0.6(2) s | β+ | 106Sn | (4+) | ||
| 106mSb | 1000(500)# keV | 220(20) ns | |||||||
| 107Sb | 51 | 56 | 106.92415(32)# | 4.0(2) s | β+ | 107Sn | 5/2+# | ||
| 108Sb | 51 | 57 | 107.92216(22)# | 7.4(3) s | β+ | 108Sn | (4+) | ||
| β+, p (rare) | 107In | ||||||||
| 109Sb | 51 | 58 | 108.918132(20) | 17.3(5) s | β+ | 109Sn | 5/2+# | ||
| 110Sb | 51 | 59 | 109.91675(22)# | 23.0(4) s | β+ | 110Sn | (4+) | ||
| 111Sb | 51 | 60 | 110.91316(3) | 75(1) s | β+ | 111Sn | (5/2+) | ||
| 112Sb | 51 | 61 | 111.912398(19) | 51.4(10) s | β+ | 112Sn | 3+ | ||
| 113Sb | 51 | 62 | 112.909372(19) | 6.67(7) min | β+ | 113Sn | 5/2+ | ||
| 114Sb | 51 | 63 | 113.90927(3) | 3.49(3) min | β+ | 114Sn | (3+) | ||
| 114mSb | 495.5(7) keV | 219(12) µs | (8-) | ||||||
| 115Sb | 51 | 64 | 114.906598(17) | 32.1(3) min | β+ | 115Sn | 5/2+ | ||
| 116Sb | 51 | 65 | 115.906794(6) | 15.8(8) min | β+ | 116Sn | 3+ | ||
| 116m1Sb | 93.99(5) keV | 194(4) ns | 1+ | ||||||
| 116m2Sb | 380(40) keV | 60.3(6) min | β+ | 116Sn | 8- | ||||
| 117Sb | 51 | 66 | 116.904836(10) | 2.80(1) h | β+ | 117Sn | 5/2+ | ||
| 118Sb | 51 | 67 | 117.905529(4) | 3.6(1) min | β+ | 118Sn | 1+ | ||
| 118m1Sb | 50.814(21) keV | 20.6(6) µs | (3)+ | ||||||
| 118m2Sb | 250(6) keV | 5.00(2) h | β+ | 118Sn | 8- | ||||
| 119Sb | 51 | 68 | 118.903942(9) | 38.19(22) h | EC Electron capture Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron and simultaneously emits a neutrino... |
119Sn | 5/2+ | ||
| 119m1Sb | 2553.6(3) keV | 130(3) ns | (19/2-) | ||||||
| 119m2Sb | 2852(7) keV | 850(90) ms | IT Isomeric transition An isomeric transition is a radioactive decay process that involves emission of a gamma ray from an atom where the nucleus is in an excited metastable state, referred to in its excited state, as a nuclear isomer.... |
119Sb | 27/2+# | ||||
| 120Sb | 51 | 69 | 119.905072(8) | 15.89(4) min | β+ | 120Sn | 1+ | ||
| 120m1Sb | 0(100)# keV | 5.76(2) d | β+ | 120Sn | 8- | ||||
| 120m2Sb | 78.16(5) keV | 246(2) ns | (3+) | ||||||
| 120m3Sb | 2328.3(6) keV | 400(8) ns | (6) | ||||||
| 121SbFission product Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus fissions. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons and a large release of energy in the form of heat , gamma rays and neutrinos. The... |
51 | 70 | 120.9038157(24) | Observationally StableTheoretically capable of spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission Spontaneous fission is a form of radioactive decay characteristic of very heavy isotopes. Because the nuclear binding energy reaches a maximum at a nuclear mass greater than about 60 atomic mass units , spontaneous breakdown into smaller nuclei and single particles becomes possible at heavier masses... |
5/2+ | 0.5721(5) | |||
| 122Sb | 51 | 71 | 121.9051737(24) | 2.7238(2) d | β- (97.59%) | 122Te | 2- | ||
| β+ (2.41%) | 122Sn | ||||||||
| 122m1Sb | 61.4131(5) keV | 1.86(8) µs | 3+ | ||||||
| 122m2Sb | 137.4726(8) keV | 0.53(3) ms | (5)+ | ||||||
| 122m3Sb | 163.5591(17) keV | 4.191(3) min | IT | 122Sb | (8)- | ||||
| 123Sb | 51 | 72 | 122.9042140(22) | Observationally Stable | 7/2+ | 0.4279(5) | |||
| 124Sb | 51 | 73 | 123.9059357(22) | 60.20(3) d | β- | 124Te | 3- | ||
| 124m1Sb | 10.8627(8) keV | 93(5) s | IT (75%) | 124Sb | 5+ | ||||
| β- (25%) | 124Te | ||||||||
| 124m2Sb | 36.8440(14) keV | 20.2(2) min | (8)- | ||||||
| 124m3Sb | 40.8038(7) keV | 3.2(3) µs | (3+,4+) | ||||||
| 125Sb | 51 | 74 | 124.9052538(28) | 2.75856(25) a | β- | 125mTe | 7/2+ | ||
| 126Sb | 51 | 75 | 125.90725(3) | 12.35(6) d | β- | 126Te | (8-) | ||
| 126m1Sb | 17.7(3) keV | 19.15(8) min | β- (86%) | 126Te | (5+) | ||||
| IT (14%) | 126Sb | ||||||||
| 126m2Sb | 40.4(3) keV | ~11 s | IT | 126m1Sb | (3-) | ||||
| 126m3Sb | 104.6(3) keV | 553(5) ns | (3+) | ||||||
| 127Sb | 51 | 76 | 126.906924(6) | 3.85(5) d | β- | 127mTe | 7/2+ | ||
| 128Sb | 51 | 77 | 127.909169(27) | 9.01(4) h | β- | 128Te | 8- | ||
| 128mSb | 10(7) keV | 10.4(2) min | β- (96.4%) | 128Te | 5+ | ||||
| IT (3.6%) | 128Sb | ||||||||
| 129Sb | 51 | 78 | 128.909148(23) | 4.40(1) h | β- | 129mTe | 7/2+ | ||
| 129m1Sb | 1851.05(10) keV | 17.7(1) min | β- (85%) | 129Te | (19/2-) | ||||
| IT (15%) | 129Sb | ||||||||
| 129m2Sb | 1860.90(10) keV | >2 µs | (15/2-) | ||||||
| 129m3Sb | 2138.9(5) keV | 1.1(1) µs | (23/2+) | ||||||
| 130Sb | 51 | 79 | 129.911656(18) | 39.5(8) min | β- | 130Te | (8-)# | ||
| 130mSb | 4.80(20) keV | 6.3(2) min | β- | 130Te | (4,5)+ | ||||
| 131Sb | 51 | 80 | 130.911982(22) | 23.03(4) min | β- | 131mTe | (7/2+) | ||
| 132Sb | 51 | 81 | 131.914467(15) | 2.79(5) min | β- | 132Te | (4+) | ||
| 132m1Sb | 200(30) keV | 4.15(5) min | β- | 132Te | (8-) | ||||
| 132m2Sb | 254.5(3) keV | 102(4) ns | (6-) | ||||||
| 133Sb | 51 | 82 | 132.915252(27) | 2.5(1) min | β- | 133mTe | (7/2+) | ||
| 134Sb | 51 | 83 | 133.92038(5) | 0.78(6) s | β- | 134Te | (0-) | ||
| 134mSb | 80(110) keV | 10.07(5) s | β- (99.9%) | 134Te | (7-) | ||||
| β-, n Neutron emission Neutron emission is a type of radioactive decay of atoms containing excess neutrons, in which a neutron is simply ejected from the nucleus. Two examples of isotopes which emit neutrons are helium-5 and beryllium-13... (.091%) |
133Te | ||||||||
| 135Sb | 51 | 84 | 134.92517(11) | 1.68(2) s | β- (82.4%) | 135Te | (7/2+) | ||
| β-, n (17.6%) | 134Te | ||||||||
| 136Sb | 51 | 85 | 135.93035(32)# | 0.923(14) s | β- (83%) | 136Te | 1-# | ||
| β-, n (17%) | 135Te | ||||||||
| 136mSb | 173(3) keV | 570(50) ns | 6-# | ||||||
| 137Sb | 51 | 86 | 136.93531(43)# | 450(50) ms | β- | 137Te | 7/2+# | ||
| β-, n | 136Te | ||||||||
| 138Sb | 51 | 87 | 137.94079(32)# | 500# ms [>300 ns] | β- | 138Te | 2-# | ||
| β-, n | 137Te | ||||||||
| 139Sb | 51 | 88 | 138.94598(54)# | 300# ms [>300 ns] | β- | 139Te | 7/2+# | ||