The Intel 4040 microprocessor

Microprocessor

A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and...

 was the successor to the Intel 4004

Intel 4004

The Intel 4004 was a 4-bit central processing unit released by Intel Corporation in 1971. It was the first complete CPU on one chip, and also the first commercially available microprocessor...

. It was introduced in 1974. The 4040 employed a 10 μm

Micrometre

A micrometer , is by definition 1×10-6 of a meter .In plain English, it means one-millionth of a meter . Its unit symbol in the International System of Units is μm...

 silicon gate enhancement load PMOS

PMOS logic

P-type metal-oxide-semiconductor logic uses p-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors to implement logic gates and other digital circuits...

 technology, was made up of 3,000 transistor

Transistor count

The transistor count of a device is the number of transistors in the device.Transistor count is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity. According to Moore's Law, the transistor count of the integrated circuits doubles every two years...

s and could execute approximately 60,000 instructions per second

Instructions per second

Instructions per second is a measure of a computer's processor speed. Many reported IPS values have represented "peak" execution rates on artificial instruction sequences with few branches, whereas realistic workloads typically lead to significantly lower IPS values...

.

Extensions

• Instruction Set expanded to 60 instructions
• Program memory expanded to 8 KB
  Kilobyte
  The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Although the prefix kilo- means 1000, the term kilobyte and symbol KB have historically been used to refer to either 1024 bytes or 1000 bytes, dependent upon context, in the fields of computer science and information...
  
  
• Registers expanded to 24
• Subroutine stack expanded to 7 levels deep

Designers

Federico Faggin

Federico Faggin

Federico Faggin , who received in 2010 the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by Barack Obama, the highest honor bestowed by the United States government on scientists, engineers, and inventors, at the White House in Washington, is an Italian-born and naturalized U.S...

proposed the project, formulated the architecture and led the design.
The detailed design was done by Tom Innes.

New support chips

• 4201 – Clock Generator 500 to 740 kHz using 4 to 5.185 MHz crystals
• 4308 – 1 KB ROM
• 4207 – General Purpose byte Output port
• 4209 – General Purpose byte Input port
• 4211 – General Purpose byte I/O port
• 4289 – Standard Memory Interface (replaces 4008/4009)
• 4702 – 256 byte UVEPROM
• 4316 – 2 KB ROM
• 4101 – 256 4-bit word RAM