Insulin receptor substrate
Encyclopedia
Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is an important ligand
in the insulin
response of human cells.
IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein which contains a phosphotyrosine binding-domain (PTB-domain). In addition, the insulin receptor
contains a NPXpY domain
. The PTB-domain binds the NPXpY domain. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.
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Ligand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs. The nature of metal-ligand bonding can range from...
in the insulin
Insulin
Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....
response of human cells.
IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein which contains a phosphotyrosine binding-domain (PTB-domain). In addition, the insulin receptor
Insulin receptor
In molecular biology, the insulin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors....
contains a NPXpY domain
Protein domain
A protein domain is a part of protein sequence and structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain. Each domain forms a compact three-dimensional structure and often can be independently stable and folded. Many proteins consist of several structural...
. The PTB-domain binds the NPXpY domain. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.
Genes
(see also Insulin receptor substrate 1) (see also Insulin receptor substrate 2IRS2
Insulin receptor substrate 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IRS2 gene.. Mice lacking IRS2 have a diabetic phenotype as well as a 40% reduction in brain mass.-Interactions:...
)