Instructive case
Encyclopedia
In the Finnish language
and Estonian language
, the instructive case has the basic meaning of "by means of". It is a comparatively rarely used case
, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin → "with one's own eyes".
In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental
uses are being superseded by the adessive case
, as in "minä matkustin junalla" → "I travelled by train."
It is also used with Finnish verbal second infinitive
s to mean "by ...ing", for example "lentäen" → "by flying", "by air".
In Turkish
, the suffix -le is used for this purpose. Ex: Trenle geldim "I came via train".
Finnish language
Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...
and Estonian language
Estonian language
Estonian is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various émigré communities...
, the instructive case has the basic meaning of "by means of". It is a comparatively rarely used case
Declension
In linguistics, declension is the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles to indicate number , case , and gender...
, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin → "with one's own eyes".
In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental
Instrumental case
The instrumental case is a grammatical case used to indicate that a noun is the instrument or means by or with which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action...
uses are being superseded by the adessive case
Adessive case
In Uralic languages, such as Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, the adessive case is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of "on". For example, Estonian laud and laual , Hungarian asztal and asztalnál...
, as in "minä matkustin junalla" → "I travelled by train."
It is also used with Finnish verbal second infinitive
Infinitive
In grammar, infinitive is the name for certain verb forms that exist in many languages. In the usual description of English, the infinitive of a verb is its basic form with or without the particle to: therefore, do and to do, be and to be, and so on are infinitives...
s to mean "by ...ing", for example "lentäen" → "by flying", "by air".
In Turkish
Turkish language
Turkish is a language spoken as a native language by over 83 million people worldwide, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Its speakers are located predominantly in Turkey and Northern Cyprus with smaller groups in Iraq, Greece, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Kosovo,...
, the suffix -le is used for this purpose. Ex: Trenle geldim "I came via train".