The Indonesian nationality law is a law regulating about who an Indonesian citizen is, the requirements and how to obtain Indonesian citizenship, the loss of Indonesian citizenship, the requirements and how to re-obtain Indonesian citizenship, and the penal provision. The nationality law is stated in Constitution of Indonesia

Constitution of Indonesia

The Constitution of Indonesia is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II...

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The Indonesian nationality law is based on jus sanguinis

Jus sanguinis

Ius sanguinis is a social policy by which citizenship is not determined by place of birth, but by having a parent who are citizens of the nation...

 and jus soli

Jus soli

Jus soli , also known as birthright citizenship, is a right by which nationality or citizenship can be recognized to any individual born in the territory of the related state...

. The latest law regulating Indonesian nationality is Law No. 12/2006 (UU No. 12 Tahun 2006). This law revokes Law No. 62/1958 (UU No. 62 Tahun 1958).

Generally, Indonesian citizens are those natural Indonesian people and those of other nationalities that are endorsed by the law as Indonesian citizens. The Indonesian nationality law does not recognize dual citizenship except for persons under the age of 18. After reaching 18 years of age individuals are forced to choose one citizenship.

Indonesian citizen

An Indonesia citizen is:

• one who before the enactment of this law was already an Indonesian citizen
• a child from a legal marriage whose parents are Indonesian citizens
• a child from a legal marriage whose father is an Indonesian citizen and mother is a foreign citizen
• a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen and father is a foreign citizen
• a child from a legal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen and father is stateless or whose nationality law does not give citizenship to offspring
• a child from a legal marriage born within 300 days after the father's death and the father was an Indonesian citizen at the time of death
• a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is an Indonesian citizen
• a child from an illegal marriage whose mother is a foreign citizen but the father is an Indonesian citizen and recognizes the child as his child before the child turns 18 or is married
• a child born in Indonesian territory whose parent's citizenship status is unknown
• a newly born child found in Indonesian territory as long as the father and mother are unknown
• a child born in Indonesian territory if the parents are stateless or cannot be found
• a child born outside of Indonesian territory whose parents are Indonesian citizens and, because of the law where the child was born, the child was granted another citizenship
• a child from whose father or mother was already granted Indonesian citizenship but died before taking an oath of allegiance

Obtaining Indonesian citizenship

A foreign citizen can apply to become an Indonesian citizen with the following requirements:

• being the age of 18 years or older, or being married
• when applying, having resided in Indonesian for a minimum of 5 consecutive years or 10 non consecutive years
• physically and mentally healthy
• can speak the Indonesian language
  Indonesian language
  Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia. Indonesian is a normative form of the Riau Islands dialect of Malay, an Austronesian language which has been used as a lingua franca in the Indonesian archipelago for centuries....
  
   and acknowledge Pancasila
  Pancasila
  The Five Precepts constitute the basic Buddhist code of ethics, undertaken by lay followers of the Buddha Gautama in the Theravada as well as in Mahayana traditions. The precepts in both traditions are essentially identical and are commitments to abstain from harming living beings, stealing,...
  
   and Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945
  Constitution of Indonesia
  The Constitution of Indonesia is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II...
  
  
• never convicted of a crime for which the punishment is imprisonment for one year or more
• if having Indonesian citizenship will not give the person dual citizenship
• employed or have fixed income
• pay the citizenship fee

Any application for citizenship is granted by the President of Indonesia

President of Indonesia

The President of the Republic of Indonesia is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.The first president was Sukarno and the current president is Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.- Sukarno era :...

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Losing Indonesian citizenship

This could happen if:

• a person over the age of 18 obtains another citizenship by his/her own will
• a person does not reject or release another citizenship even he/she has the opportunity to do so
• A person renounces Indonesian citizenship to the President of Indonesia on his/her own will with the provision that he/she is already 18 years old or married, is staying in a foreign country, and is not stateless if he/she loses Indonesian citizenship
• a person joins a foreign military without the President's permission
• a person voluntarily taking another country's oath of allegiance
• a person has a valid passport or other passport-like documents from a foreign country as proof of citizenship
• staying outside Indonesian territory for 5 consecutive years, not stating the will to stay as Indonesian citizen before the 5 year period is over, and not reporting every 5 years to a representative of the Indonesian government