Independent Democratic Action
Encyclopedia
The Independent Democratic Action is a political party
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...

 in São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe
São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is a Portuguese-speaking island nation in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two islands: São Tomé and Príncipe, located about apart and about , respectively, off...

. It was established in 1991 and is a politically centrist party.

It took part in the 29 July 2001 presidential elections
São Tomé and Príncipe presidential election, 2001
The island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe held presidential elections on 29 July 2001. It was the nation's third presidential election since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1990...

, in which its candidate, Fradique de Menezes
Fradique de Menezes
Fradique Bandeira Melo de Menezes was the President of São Tomé and Príncipe from 2003 to 2011.-Early life:Menezes was born on the then Portuguese colony of São Tomé in 1942, the son of a Portuguese man and a local woman. He attended high school in Portugal...

, won 55.2% of the vote and was elected president. After the elections Fradique de Menezes joined a new party - the Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party
Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party
The Force for Change Democratic Movement-Liberal Party is a political party in São Tomé and Príncipe. It was formed after the 29 July 2001 presidential elections by supporters of the elected president Fradique de Menezes...

. In the legislative election
São Tomé and Príncipe legislative election, 2002
On 3 March 2002, São Tomé and Príncipe held its fourth National Assembly election since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1990. Voter turnout was 66.3 percent.-Background and outcome of elections:...

 held on 3 March 2002, the Independent Democratic Action was the main party in the Uê Kédadji alliance, that won 16.2% of the popular vote and 8 out of 55 seats. It seceded from this alliance and won in the 2006 election
São Tomé and Príncipe legislative election, 2006
São Tomé and Príncipe held its fifth National Assembly election since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1990 on 26 March 2006.-Parties and Coalitions:Eight political parties and two coalitions contested the election....

 11 out of 55 seats. In the July 2006 presidential election
São Tomé and Príncipe presidential election, 2006
São Tomé and Príncipe held its fourth presidential election since the introduction of multi-party politics in 1990 on 30 July 2006. Incumbent Fradique de Menezes, first elected in 2001, won more than 60 per cent of the votes, while his main challenger, Patrice Trovoada got just over 38 per cent of...

, its leader Patrice Trovoada
Patrice Trovoada
Patrice Emery Trovoada is a São Toméan politician. He has been Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe since 14 August 2010; previously he was Prime Minister from February 2008 to June 2008.Trovoada was born in Libreville, Gabon...

 ran as the only major opposition candidate, but he was defeated by Menezes.

Trovoada became Prime Minister in February 2008, but was defeated in a May 2008 vote of confidence proposed by the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP/PSD)‎, and in June Menezes asked the MLSTP/PSD to form a new government. The ADI denounced Menezes' designation of the MLSTP/PSD to form a government as unconstitutional, arguing that it was too late in the parliamentary term to do so, and it took the matter to the Supreme Tribunal of Justice.
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