Ilka Gedő was a Jewish Hungarian

Hungary

Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...

 artist

Artist

An artist is a person engaged in one or more of any of a broad spectrum of activities related to creating art, practicing the arts and/or demonstrating an art. The common usage in both everyday speech and academic discourse is a practitioner in the visual arts only...

. Her work survives decades of persecution and repression, first by the fascist regime of the 1930s and 1940s and then by the communist regime of the 1950s to 1989.

Career

Ilka Gedő was born on 26 May 1921. Her father taught at the Jewish grammar school of Budapest, and some of the leading Hungarian writers and artists of the times were among the family’s circle of friends. She started her artistic career in the late 1930s visiting private art schools.

The anti-Jewish measures and the upheaval of the war came, but Gedő carried on creating a significant body of graphic works. As a Jew, in 1944 Gedő was imprisoned in the Budapest ghetto, and she drew a remarkable series of ghetto drawings. She avoided the horror, instead representing isolated people of puzzlement, uncertainty and despair in her drawings.

After the war Gedő gained admission to the Budapest Academy of Arts, but she decided to leave the Academy and until 1949, when she stopped artistic work, had created a huge body of drawings that can be divided into series.
She created self portrait

Self Portrait

Self Portrait is singer-songwriter Bob Dylan's tenth studio album, released by Columbia Records in June 1970.Self Portrait was Dylan's second double album, and features mostly cover versions of well-known pop and folk songs. Also included are a handful of instrumentals and original compositions...

s which, through their sheer honesty and self-exploration, claim the viewer’s attention. These works are drawn in a way that evokes straightforward physical reality and emotional sensitivity at the same time. Another series, Tables, is devoted to drawing a delicate, small table with an abundant variety of lines and shades, exploring the endless possibilities of representing the visual world.

The third series resulted from repeated visits to the Ganz Factory in Budapest. A combination of silver and gold with pastel crayons transposes the factory rooms into almost mythical spaces.

An interval of 15 years devoted to bringing up a family divides the oeuvre of this artist. Ilka Gedő presented her drawings in 1964 in her own studio. This exhibition gave her the impetus to resume work. In the 1960s, Gedő started to paint in oil. Her creative method follows the call of the instincts but does not forget the discipline of the intellect.
She made “two-step” paintings. She first drew a sketch of her composition, prepared a mock-up and wrote the name of the appropriate colours into the various fields. She prepared a collection of colour samples, and she wrote where the colour would go in the places where they were ultimately applied. She never improvised on her paintings; instead she enlarged the original plan. On her paintings the strength of cold and warm colours appears to be equal. She created her paintings slowly, amidst speculations, recording the steps of the creative process in diaries so that the making of all the paintings can be traced.

Gedő died on 19 June 1985, at the age of 64, a few months before her discovery abroad. The scene of the breakthrough was Glasgow where the Compass Gallery presented her paintings and drawings in 1985. Since then, many of her works passed into public hands: in addition to St. Stephen’s Museum, Székesfehérvár, Hungary and the National Gallery of Hungary, many foreign collections acquired them (The Jewish Museum, New York, Yad Vashem Art Museum, Israel Museum Jerusalem, the Department of Prints and Drawings of the British Museum and the Kunstmuseum (Museum Kunst Palast) of Düsseldorf.

Chronology

• 1921 Ilka Gedő was born on 26 May 1921 in Budapest. Her father was a teacher at the Budapest Jewish Grammar School. The mother, Elsa Weiszkopf, was a clerk.
• 1939 In autumn Ilka Gedő visits the free school of Tibor Gallé.
• 1940 She participates in the second exhibition of OMIKE (Hungarian National Cultural Society of Jews).
• 1939-42 Due to family connections she receives training from Erdei Viktor.
• 1942 She takes part in the exhibition organised by the Group of Socialist Painters that takes place at the Centre of the Metal Workers' Union.
• 1942-43 She attends the free school of István Örkényi-Strasser.
• 1943 Gedő participates in fifth exhibition of OMIKE in the exhibition halls of the Hungarian Jewish Museum.
• 1944 In the Budapest ghetto a huge series of drawings is born.
• 1945 In the autumn of 1945 Ilka Gedő enrols as a full-time student in the Academy of Fine Arts. However, she leaves the academy after six months due to family reasons. She draws at the school of Gyula Pap, a former member of Bauhaus.
• 1946 She marries the biochemist Endre Bíró.
• 1947 She takes part in the Second Open National Exhibition of the Trade Union of Hungarian Artists. Birth of her first son.
• 1949 She stops her artistic activities only to resume them in 1965.
• 1950 From 1950 on she does not take part in art life. Her interests turn to the philosophy of art and art history. She translates extensive passages from Goethe’s theory of colour.
• 1953 Birth of her second son.
• 1962 The National Gallery of Hungary buys three drawings of the artist.
• 1965 Gedő shows a selection of her drawings from the years 1945-1949 in a studio exhibition. She resumes her artistic activities.
• 1969-1970 Spends a year in Paris. She participates in a group museum exhibition of the Galerie Lambert.
• 1974 She gains admission to the Association of Visual Artists.
• 1980 Retrospective exhibition in the St. Stephen’s Museum of Székesfehérvár, Hungary.
• 1982 Exhibition at the Dorottya Gallery of Budapest. The National Gallery of Hungary buys two of the artist’s paintings.
• 1985 Gedő dies on 19 June in Budapest. A solo exhibition of the artist is opened in the Gallery of the Szentendre Art Colony. A solo exhibition of Gedő is organized in the framework of the Hungarian Season in Glasgow. Gedő’s art is praised by the art critics of the Glasgow Herald, The Scotsman, Financial Times, The Times, Daily Telegraph, The Observer and The Guardian)
• 1987 Gedő’s largest Hungarian exhibition takes place in the Budapest exhibition venue, Műcsarnok.
• 1989 Exhibition at the Municipal Art Gallery of Szombathely, Hungary.
• 1989-1990 Gedő’s second Glasgow exhibition takes place between 9 December 1989 and 12 January 1990 at the Third Eye Centre (346-354 Sauchiehall Street
  Sauchiehall Street
  Sauchiehall Street is one of the main shopping/business streets in the city centre of Glasgow, Scotland. Along with Buchanan Street and Argyle Street, it forms the main shopping area of Glasgow, containing the majority of Glasgow's high street and chain stores.Although commonly associated with the...
  
  ).
• 1994 Solo exhibition at New York’s Janos Gat Gallery.
• 1995 An exhibition titled Victims and Perpetrators from the drawings of György Román made during the trial of Hungarian war criminals and Gedő’s drawings made in 1944 in the Budapest ghetto takes place at the Budapest Jewish Museum. From April 1995 four of Ilka Gedő’s drawings are shown at the exhibition titled Culture and Continuity: the Jewish Journey of the New York Jewish Museum for a period of six months. The Shepherd Gallery in New York City organizes an exhibition from Gedő’s drawings including the table series, the self-portraits and the Ganz factory drawings from 21 November to 19 December 1995.
• 1996 Supplemented by three oil paintings of both Gedő and Román, Victims and Perpetrators is shown at the Art Museum of Yad Vashem.
• 1997 Solo exhibition at the Janos Gat Gallery in New York City.
• 1998 The Department of Prints and Drawings of The British Museum acquires 15 and The Israel Museum acquires six drawings by Ilka Gedő.
• 1999 Participation in the collective exhibition titled Voices From Here and There (New Acquisitions in the Department of Prints and Drawings) of the Israel Museum. The Düsseldorf Museum Museums Kunst Palast acquires ten drawings of the Artist.
• 2001 Chamber exhibition of Gedő’s drawings at the Budapest Municipal Picture Gallery and Kiscelli Museum. The National Gallery buys three of Gedő’s paintings.
• 2002 Two of Gedő’s painting become a part of the permanent exhibition of the National Gallery.
• 2003 Gondolat Kiadó, a Budapest publishing house publishes in English and Hungarian an album titled The Art of Ilka Gedő (1921–1985) / Oeuvre Catalogue and Documents. The sons of the artist donate twenty-three drawings and three paintings of Gedő to the Hungarian National Gallery.
• 2004 Oeuvre exhibition in the National Gallery of Hungary from 18 November 2004 to 3 April 2005.
• 2006 Exhibition of Ilka Gedő takes place at the Berliner Collegicum Hungaricum from 9 March to 10 May. A representative selection of the artist’s drawings and paintings is shown from the permanent collections of the Hungarian National Gallery and the Düsseldorf Museum Kunst Palast.
• 2011 The Kupferstichkabinett (Museum of Prints and Drawings, Berlin) acquires eight drawings of Ilka Gedő.

Exhibitions

One-woman exhibitions in Hungary:

• Studio Exhibition (1965)
• King St. Stephen's Museum, Székesfehérvár, Hungary (1980)
• Dorottya Utca Gallery, Budapest (1982)
• Artists' Colony Gallery, Szentendre, Hungary (1985)
• Palace of Exhibitions, Budapest (1987)
• Gallery of Szombathely (1989)
• Hungarian Jewish Museum, Budapest, [with György Román] (1995)
• Budapest Municipal Picture Gallery, Museum Kiscell (2001)
• Raiffeisen Gallery (2003–2004)
• Hungarian National Gallery (2004–2005).

One-woman exhibitions abroad:

• Compass Gallery, Glasgow (1985)
• Third Eye Centre, Glasgow (1989)
• Janos Gat Gallery, New York (1994 and 1997)
• Yad Vashem Art Museum [with György Román] 1996
• Shepherd Gallery, New York (1995)
• Collegium Hungaricum, Berlin (2006)

Works in public collections

• The National Gallery of Hungary, Budapest

• The Hungarian Jewish Museum, Budapest

• King St. Stephen's Museum, Székesfehérvár, Hungary

• Yad Vashem Art Museum, Jerusalem

• Israel Museum, Jerusalem

• British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings

• Museum Kunst Palast, Düsseldorf, Department of Prints and Drawings

• The Jewish Museum, New York

• Kupferstichkabinett (Museum of Prints and Drawings, Berlin)

Literature

• Szabó, Júlia (ed.): Gedő Ilka rajzai és festményei (The Drawings and Paintings of Ilka Gedő), exhibition catalogue, Székesfehérvár, Szent István Király Múzeum, 1980,
HU ISBN 963 7131 20 5 HU ISSN 0586 3759

• Ury, Ibolya (ed.): Gedő Ilka, kiállításkatalógus (Ilka Gedő, Exhibition Catalogue), Budapest, a Műcsarnok Dorottya utcai Kiállítóterme, 1982,
HU ISBN 963 01 4173 6

• Mucsi, András (ed.): Gedő Ilka (1921–1985) festőművész kiállítása (The Exhibition of Ilka Gedő /1921-1985/), exhibition catalogue, Szentendre, Művésztelepi Galéria, 1985,
HU ISBN 963 01 3996 ISSN 0209-4940

• Néray, Katalin (ed.): Gedő Ilka (1921–1985), exhibition catalogue, Budapest, Palace of Exhibitions, 1987, ISBN 963-7162-86-0

• Gálig, Zoltán (ed): Gedő Ilka festőművész rajzai a Szombathelyi Képtárban (Works on Paper by Ilka Gedő at the Municipal Art Museum of Szombathely), Szombathely, Városi Képtár, 1989,
ISBN 963 0195 54 2 ISSN 0239 1910

• Semjén, Anita (ed): Áldozatok és gyilkosok / Gedő Ilka gettó-rajzai és Román György háborús bűnösök népbírósági tárgyalásain készült rajzai (Victims and Perpetrators / Ilka Gedő's Ghetto Drawings and György Román's Drawings of the People's Court War Criminals Trials), exhibition catalogue, Budapest, 1995, Hungarian Jewish Museum and Jerusalem, 1996, Yad Vashem Art Museum

• Kashey, Elizabeth (ed): Ilka Gedő (1921–1985) Drawings and Pastels, exhibition catalogue, New York, Shepherd Gallery, 21 East 84th Street, 1995

• Kolozsváry, Marianna (ed.): Gedő Ilka festőművész kiállítása (Exhibition of Ilka Gedő), exhibition catalogue, Budapest, Hungarian National Gallery, 2004, HU ISSN 0231-2387

• György, Péter–Pataki, Gábor, Szabó, Júlia, Mészáros, F. István: Gedő Ilka művészete (1921–1985) – The Art of Ilka Gedő (1921–1985), Budapest, Új Művészet, 1997,
ISBN 963 7792 21 X ISSN 1219 4913

• Hajdu, István–Bíró, Dávid: Gedő Ilka művészete, oeuvre katalógus és dokumentumok, Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest, 2003
ISBN 963 9500 13 5

• István Hajdu–Dávid Bíró: The Art of Ilka Gedő, Oeuvre Catalogue and Documents, Gondolat Kiadó, Budapest, 2003
ISBN 963 9500 14 3

External links

• The Complete Works of Ilka Gedő
• Works by Ilka Gedő at the British Museum