Ilaniya
Encyclopedia
Ilaniya is a moshav
in Israel
's Lower Galilee Regional Council
. The village is also known as Sejera, after the adjacent Arab village al-Shajara
(or as-Sajra, Arabic for 'tree'), depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, some of those lands later becoming part of Ilaniya.
and passed to the management of the Jewish Colonization Association
(JCA) in 1899. The "Sejera farm" was worked by settlers of the Second Aliyah
, among them the young David Ben Gurion. By taking what was one of the least profitable ranches in the land and making it profitable, Manya Shochat
showed that her ideas for a communal collective could work. Later near the farm, a moshava
was founded by inhabitants of Rosh Pina, Yesod HaMa'ala
, Tiberias and Safed
, joined by students of the Mikve Israel school, by several Jewish families from Kurdistan and Morocco
and 8 families of Russian
Subbotniks
from Astrakhan
.
The organization "Bar-Giora
", which was founded in order to put the guarding of the Jewish settlements in Jewish hands, took upon itself in 1907, to replace the unreliable Circassian guards. They showed that Jews could defend the Jewish communities just as well as any locals. On 12 April 1909, following the death of an Arab from Kafr Kanna during an attempted robbery of a Jewish photographer traveling to Sejera, one of the watchmen, Israel Korngold, was shot dead. Ben Gurion and two farmers pursued the attackers and were caught in an ambush. As they fled one of the farmers, Shimon Melamed, was shot dead. In 1909 "Bar-Giora" was absorbed into Hashomer
.
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the village was attacked several times by the Army for the Liberation of Palestine, led by Kaukji. Most of the Jewish inhabitants temporarily abandoned the place, while the remaining ones took part in the fighting. By 1949 the settlement expanded and included the territory of the Palestinian Arab adjacent village of al-Shajara
, which was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Ilaniya and the Sejera farm are on the list of conserved sites.
Some places of note are:
Moshav
Moshav is a type of Israeli town or settlement, in particular a type of cooperative agricultural community of individual farms pioneered by the Labour Zionists during the second aliyah...
in Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
's Lower Galilee Regional Council
Lower Galilee Regional Council
The Lower Galilee Regional Council is a regional council in northern Israel that encompasses most of the settlements in the Lower Galilee. Over 9000 people live in the three kibbutzim, ten moshavim and two communal settlements located in its municipal territory.The council building is situated in...
. The village is also known as Sejera, after the adjacent Arab village al-Shajara
Al-Shajara
al-Shajara is a former Palestinian Arab village depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was located 14 kilometers west of Tiberias on the main highway to Nazareth near the villages of Lubya and Hittin....
(or as-Sajra, Arabic for 'tree'), depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, some of those lands later becoming part of Ilaniya.
History
Ilaniya began as a farm which its land were acquired by the baron Edmond James de RothschildEdmond James de Rothschild
Baron Edmond Benjamin James de Rothschild was a French member of the Rothschild banking family. A strong supporter of Zionism, his generous donations lent significant support to the movement during its early years, which helped lead to the establishment of the State of Israel.- Early years :A...
and passed to the management of the Jewish Colonization Association
Jewish Colonization Association
The Jewish Colonization Association was created on September 11, 1891 by the Baron Maurice de Hirsch. Its aim was to facilitate the mass emigration of Jews from Russia and other Eastern European countries, by settling them in agricultural colonies on lands purchased by the committee, particularly...
(JCA) in 1899. The "Sejera farm" was worked by settlers of the Second Aliyah
Second Aliyah
The Second Aliyah was an important and highly influential aliyah that took place between 1904 and 1914, during which approximately 40,000 Jews immigrated into Ottoman Palestine, mostly from the Russian Empire, some from Yemen....
, among them the young David Ben Gurion. By taking what was one of the least profitable ranches in the land and making it profitable, Manya Shochat
Manya Shochat
Manya Shochat , née Wilbushewich / Wilbuszewicz, was Russian Jewish politician and the "mother" of the collective settlement in Palestine, the forerunner of the kibbutz movement.-Russia and early days in Palestine:...
showed that her ideas for a communal collective could work. Later near the farm, a moshava
Moshava
A moshava , plural: Moshavot is a form of rural settlement in Israel.In a moshava, as opposed to communal settlements like the kibbutz and the moshav, all the land and property are privately-owned. The first moshavot, described as "colonies" in professional literature, were established by...
was founded by inhabitants of Rosh Pina, Yesod HaMa'ala
Yesod HaMa'ala
Yesud HaMa'ala was the first modern Jewish community in the Hula Valley. Built in 1882, the community was among a series of agricultural settlements founded during the First Aliyah...
, Tiberias and Safed
Safed
Safed , is a city in the Northern District of Israel. Located at an elevation of , Safed is the highest city in the Galilee and of Israel. Due to its high elevation, Safed experiences warm summers and cold, often snowy, winters...
, joined by students of the Mikve Israel school, by several Jewish families from Kurdistan and Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
and 8 families of Russian
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Subbotniks
Subbotniks
Subbotniks are one of the Russian religious bodies known under the general name of "Judaizing Christian sects". On the whole, the Subbotniks originally differed probably very little from other Judaizing societies. They first appeared during the reign of Catherine II, toward the end of the...
from Astrakhan
Astrakhan
Astrakhan is a major city in southern European Russia and the administrative center of Astrakhan Oblast. The city lies on the left bank of the Volga River, close to where it discharges into the Caspian Sea at an altitude of below the sea level. Population:...
.
The organization "Bar-Giora
Bar-Giora
Bar-Giora was a Jewish self-defense organization of the Second Aliyah, the precursor of Hashomer.- History :On September 28, 1907, a group of Poalei Zion members gathered at Yitzhak Ben-Zvi's unfurnished apartment in Jaffa apartment formed Bar-Giora, a Jewish self-defense organization named for...
", which was founded in order to put the guarding of the Jewish settlements in Jewish hands, took upon itself in 1907, to replace the unreliable Circassian guards. They showed that Jews could defend the Jewish communities just as well as any locals. On 12 April 1909, following the death of an Arab from Kafr Kanna during an attempted robbery of a Jewish photographer traveling to Sejera, one of the watchmen, Israel Korngold, was shot dead. Ben Gurion and two farmers pursued the attackers and were caught in an ambush. As they fled one of the farmers, Shimon Melamed, was shot dead. In 1909 "Bar-Giora" was absorbed into Hashomer
Hashomer
Hashomer was a Jewish defense organization in Palestine founded out of Bar-Giora in April 1909. It ceased to operate after the founding of the Haganah in 1920. The purpose of Hashomer was to provide guard services for Jewish settlements in the Yishuv, freeing Jewish communities from dependence...
.
During the 1948 Arab–Israeli War the village was attacked several times by the Army for the Liberation of Palestine, led by Kaukji. Most of the Jewish inhabitants temporarily abandoned the place, while the remaining ones took part in the fighting. By 1949 the settlement expanded and included the territory of the Palestinian Arab adjacent village of al-Shajara
Al-Shajara
al-Shajara is a former Palestinian Arab village depopulated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. It was located 14 kilometers west of Tiberias on the main highway to Nazareth near the villages of Lubya and Hittin....
, which was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Ilaniya and the Sejera farm are on the list of conserved sites.
Some places of note are:
- the old school, founded in 1922
- the mikvahMikvahMikveh is a bath used for the purpose of ritual immersion in Judaism...
tohara in a sepulchral grotto - The house of the peasant Naftali Fabrikant - now a library and educational centre
- the ruins of a synagogue from the ByzantineByzantineByzantine usually refers to the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages.Byzantine may also refer to:* A citizen of the Byzantine Empire, or native Greek during the Middle Ages...
era