IEEE 802.15 - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

IEEE 802.15 is a working group

Working group

A working group is an interdisciplinary collaboration of researchers working on new research activities that would be difficult to develop under traditional funding mechanisms . The lifespan of the WG can last anywhere between a few months and several years...

of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is a non-profit professional association headquartered in New York City that is dedicated to advancing technological innovation and excellence...

(IEEE) IEEE 802

IEEE 802

IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and metropolitan area networks.More specifically, the IEEE 802 standards are restricted to networks carrying variable-size packets. IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards dealing with local area networks and...

standards committee which specifies wireless personal area network

Personal area network

A personal area network is a computer network used for communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal digital assistants, in proximity to an individual's body. The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a PAN is typically a few meters...

(PAN ) standards. It includes seven task groups.

Task group 1 (WPAN/Bluetooth)

Task group one is based on Bluetooth

Bluetooth

Bluetooth is a proprietary open wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances from fixed and mobile devices, creating personal area networks with high levels of security...

technology. It defines physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control

Media Access Control

The media access control data communication protocol sub-layer, also known as the medium access control, is a sublayer of the data link layer specified in the seven-layer OSI model , and in the four-layer TCP/IP model...

(MAC) specification for wireless connectivity with fixed, portable and moving devices within or entering personal operating space. Standards were issued in 2003 and 2005.

Task group 2 (Coexistence)

Task group two addresses the coexistence of wireless personal area networks (WPAN) with other wireless devices operating in unlicensed frequency bands such as wireless local area networks (WLAN). The IEEE 802.15.2-2003 standard was published in 2003 and task group two went into "hibernation".

3 (High Rate WPAN)

IEEE 802.15.3-2003 is a MAC and PHY standard for high-rate (11 to 55 Mbit/s) WPANs.

3a (WPAN High Rate Alternative PHY)

IEEE 802.15.3a was an attempt to provide a higher speed UWB PHY enhancement amendment to IEEE 802.15.3 for applications which involve imaging and multimedia. The members of the task group were not able to come to an agreement choosing between two technology proposals, Multi-band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) and Direct Sequence UWB (DS-UWB), on the table backed by two different industry alliances and was withdrawn in January 2006.

3b (MAC Amendment)

On May 5, 2006, the IEEE 802.15.3b-2005 amendment was released. It enhanced 802.15.3 to improve implementation and interoperability of the MAC. This will include minor optimizations while preserving backward compatibility. In addition, this amendment corrected errors, clarified ambiguities, and added editorial clarifications.

3c (WPAN Millimeter Wave Alternative PHY)

802.15.3c-2009 was published on September 11, 2009. The task group TG3c developed a millimeter-wave-based alternative physical layer (PHY) for the existing 802.15.3 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Standard 802.15.3-2003. The IEEE 802.15.3 Task Group 3c (TG3c) was formed in March 2005.

This mmWave WPAN operates in clear band including 57–64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255. The millimeter-wave WPAN will allow high coexistence (close physical spacing) with all other microwave systems in the 802.15 family of WPANs.

In addition, the millimeter-wave WPAN allows very high data rate over 2 Gbit/s applications such as high speed internet access, streaming content download (video on demand, HDTV, home theater, etc.), real time streaming and wireless data bus for cable replacement. Optional data rates in excess of 3 Gbit/s will be provided.

Task group 4 (Low Rate WPAN)

4 (Low Rate WPAN)

IEEE 802.15.4-2003 (Low Rate WPAN) deals with low data rate but very long battery life (months or even years) and very low complexity. The standard defines both the physical (Layer 1) and data-link (Layer 2) layers of the OSI model

OSI model

The Open Systems Interconnection model is a product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at the International Organization for Standardization. It is a prescription of characterizing and standardizing the functions of a communications system in terms of abstraction layers. Similar...

. The first edition of the 802.15.4 standard was released in May 2003.

Several standardized and proprietary networks (or mesh) layer protocols run over 802.15.4-based networks, including IEEE 802.15.5, ZigBee

ZigBee

ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802 standard for personal area networks. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home-displays, and other consumer and industrial...

, 6LoWPAN

6loWPAN

6LoWPAN is an acronym of IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks. 6lowpan is the name of a working group in the internet area of the IETF....

, WirelessHART

WirelessHART

WirelessHART is a wireless sensor networking technology based on the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol .-Description:The protocol utilizes a time synchronized, self-organizing, and self-healing mesh architecture...

, and ISA100.11a

Isa100.11a

ISA100.11a is an open wireless networking technology standard developed by the International Society of Automation . The official description is "Wireless Systems for Industrial Automation: Process Control and Related Applications"....

4a (WPAN Low Rate Alternative PHY)

The principal interest is in providing communications and high precision ranging / location capability (1 meter accuracy and better), high aggregate throughput, and ultra low power; as well as adding scalability to data rates, longer range, and lower power consumption and cost.

In March 2005, IEEE802.15.4a selected a baseline specification. The baseline is two optional PHYs consisting of a UWB Pulse Radio (operating in unlicensed UWB spectrum) and a Chirp Spread Spectrum (operating in unlicensed 2.4 GHz spectrum). The Pulsed UWB Radio is based on Continuous Pulsed UWB technology (see C-UWB

C-UWB

C-UWB is an acronym for Continuous Pulse Ultra-wideband technology. C-UWB derives its UWB bandwidth by virtue of the short time duration of the individual pulses. Information can be imparted on UWB signals by encoding the polarity of the pulse, the amplitude of the pulse, and/or also by using...

) and will be able to deliver communications and high precision ranging. In March 2007, 802.15.4a was approved as an amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2006.

4b (Revision and Enhancement)

The IEEE 802.15 task group 4b was chartered to create a project for specific enhancements and clarifications to the IEEE 802.15.4-2003 standard, such as resolving ambiguities, reducing unnecessary complexity, increasing flexibility in security key usage, considerations for newly available frequency allocations, and others. IEEE 802.15.4b was approved in June 2006 and was published in September 2006 as IEEE 802.15.4-2006.

4c (PHY Amendment for China)

The IEEE 802.15 Task Group 4c is defining a PHY amendment which, when published, will be additive to both the IEEE Std 802.15.4™-2006 standard and the IEEE Std 802.15.4a™-2007 amendment. This PHY amendment is to address the Chinese regulatory changes which have opened the 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, and 779-787 MHz bands for Wireless PAN use within China. IEEE 802.15.4c was approved in 2008 and was published in January 2009.

4d (PHY and MAC Amendment for Japan)

The IEEE 802.15 Task Group 4d is chartered to define an amendment to the existing standard 802.15.4-2006. The proposed amendment shall be limited to defining a new PHY and such changes to the MAC as are necessary to support a new frequency allocation (950 MHz -956 MHz) in Japan. The amendment shall completely follow the new technical conditions described in Japanese ministerial ordinance. The amendment shall coexist with passive tag systems in the band. IEEE 802.15.4c was approved in 2008 and was published in January 2009.

4e (MAC Amendment for Industrial Applications)

The IEEE 802.15 Task Group 4e is chartered to define a MAC amendment to the existing standard 802.15.4-2006. The intent of this amendment is to enhance and add functionality to the 802.15.4-2006 MAC to a) better support the industrial markets and b) permit compatibility with modifications being proposed within the Chinese WPAN.

4f (PHY and MAC Amendment for Active RFID)

The IEEE 802.15.4f Active RFID System Task Group is chartered to define new wireless Physical (PHY) layer(s) and enhancements to the 802.15.4-2006 standard MAC layer which are required to support new PHY(s) for Active RFID System bi-directional and location determination applications.

4g (PHY Amendment for Smart Utility Network)

IEEE 802.15.4g Smart Utility Networks (SUN) Task Group is chartered to create a PHY amendment to 802.15.4 to provide a global standard that facilitates very large scale process control applications such as the utility smart-grid network capable of supporting large, geographically diverse networks with minimal infrastructure, with potentially millions of fixed endpoints.

Task group 5 (mesh networking)

IEEE 802.15.5 provides the architectural framework enabling WPAN devices to promote interoperable, stable, and scalable wireless mesh networking

Mesh networking

Mesh networking is a type of networking where each node must not only capture and disseminate its own data, but also serve as a relay for other nodes, that is, it must collaborate to propagate the data in the network....

. This standard is composed of two parts: low-rate WPAN mesh and high-rate WPAN mesh networks. The low-rate mesh is built on IEEE 802.15.4-2006 MAC, while the high rate mesh utilizes IEEE 802.15.3/3b MAC. The common features of both meshes include network initialization, addressing, and multihop unicasting. In addition, the low-rate mesh supports multicasting, reliable broadcasting, portability support, trace route and energy saving function, and the high rate mesh supports multihop time-guaranteed service.

Task Group 6 (BAN)

This task group is focusing on BAN or Body Area Network Technologies. The goal is a low-power and low-frequency short-range wireless standard.

Task group 7 (VLC)

In January 2009, Task Group seven was chartered to write standards for free-space optical communication

Free-space optical communication

Free-space optical communication is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space to transmit data for telecommunications or computer networking."Free space" means air, outer space, vacuum, or something similar...

using visible light.

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.