I2 Technologies
Encyclopedia
i2 Technologies was a supply chain management
software and services company, founded in 1988 by Sanjiv Sidhu
and Ken Sharma in Dallas, Texas (USA). The company was initially known as Intellection prior to being renamed i2 Technologies, Inc..
JDA Software Group
acquired i2 Technologies in January 2010.
George A. Miller regarding the number of elements that one can process effectively at any given time. His official biography states:
The company grew rapidly during the 90's to reach its zenith at the height of the Internet market in 2000, when it crossed the $1B revenue mark. Rapidly falling revenues followed from 2002 to 2005, when the company hired Michael McGrath of PRTM
to be its CEO after an extensive search. Under Mr. McGrath's leadership the company was able to stabilize and reach profitability until mid-2007. At that time Mr McGrath was replaced by Dr. Pallab Chatterjee, who held the position of Interim CEO until being formally named CEO in May, 2008. Jack Wilson is current CEO who took over from Dr. Pallab Chatterjee.
Factors in the shrinking of the company include the bursting of the Internet bubble and also the strategic competition from SAP
. Concerning the latter, SAP, moving from an initial position of partnership with i2, decided in the late 1990s to compete directly with supply chain companies (i2 being the most prominent); its supply-chain solution, initially called APO, had the advantage of being integrated with the rest its ERP
solution: in the domain of the large multinational clients, the twin arguments of total integration and single-vendor sourcing proved decisive.
On August 11, 2008, a merger agreement was announced for JDA Software
to acquire i2 Technologies for an enterprise value
of approximately $346 million in cash, but this was called off on December 4 of the same year. But JDA Software Inc. came back again for a merger and acquired i2 Technologies on January 28, 2010.
, a nonprofit organization focused on creating supply chain technology solutions for the humanitarian aid sector. Now an independent organization, the idea and much of the initial effort for Aidmatrix came from i2 employees. Aidmatrix provided assistance to the food bank following hurricane Katrina.
Supply chain management
Supply chain management is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers...
software and services company, founded in 1988 by Sanjiv Sidhu
Sanjiv Sidhu
Sanjiv Sidhu is the founder and chairman of o9 Solutions, a Dallas, Texas based company that offers financially astute business planning and decision making processes and software to multinational corporations. Mr...
and Ken Sharma in Dallas, Texas (USA). The company was initially known as Intellection prior to being renamed i2 Technologies, Inc..
JDA Software Group
JDA Software
JDA Software Group, Inc. is a leading global provider of supply chain management, merchandising and pricing solutions. Located in Scottsdale, Arizona, JDA empowers more than 6,000 companies of all sizes to make optimal decisions that improve profitability and achieve real results in the discrete...
acquired i2 Technologies in January 2010.
User group
The i2 User Group was formed in 1996 with six companies as founding members. Today, the User Group has more than 150 member companies. Although independent of i2, the two organizations have a strategic relationship particularly around product direction.History
Sanjiv Sidhu claims to have arrived independently at the same conclusions as cognitive psychologistCognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is a subdiscipline of psychology exploring internal mental processes.It is the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.Cognitive psychology differs from previous psychological approaches in two key ways....
George A. Miller regarding the number of elements that one can process effectively at any given time. His official biography states:
- Based on his observation that even the smartest people can juggle no more than nine variables when making decisions, he proposed a design for computer software based on artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligenceArtificial intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science that aims to create it. AI textbooks define the field as "the study and design of intelligent agents" where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its...
and advanced simulation techniquesComputer simulationA computer simulation, a computer model, or a computational model is a computer program, or network of computers, that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system...
.
The company grew rapidly during the 90's to reach its zenith at the height of the Internet market in 2000, when it crossed the $1B revenue mark. Rapidly falling revenues followed from 2002 to 2005, when the company hired Michael McGrath of PRTM
PRTM
PRTM is a management consulting subsidiary of PwC. The firm’s business centers on the areas of operational strategy, supply chain innovation, product innovation, and customer experience innovation...
to be its CEO after an extensive search. Under Mr. McGrath's leadership the company was able to stabilize and reach profitability until mid-2007. At that time Mr McGrath was replaced by Dr. Pallab Chatterjee, who held the position of Interim CEO until being formally named CEO in May, 2008. Jack Wilson is current CEO who took over from Dr. Pallab Chatterjee.
Factors in the shrinking of the company include the bursting of the Internet bubble and also the strategic competition from SAP
SAP AG
SAP AG is a German software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. Headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, with regional offices around the world, SAP is the market leader in enterprise application software...
. Concerning the latter, SAP, moving from an initial position of partnership with i2, decided in the late 1990s to compete directly with supply chain companies (i2 being the most prominent); its supply-chain solution, initially called APO, had the advantage of being integrated with the rest its ERP
Enterprise resource planning
Enterprise resource planning systems integrate internal and external management information across an entire organization, embracing finance/accounting, manufacturing, sales and service, customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integrated software application...
solution: in the domain of the large multinational clients, the twin arguments of total integration and single-vendor sourcing proved decisive.
On August 11, 2008, a merger agreement was announced for JDA Software
JDA Software
JDA Software Group, Inc. is a leading global provider of supply chain management, merchandising and pricing solutions. Located in Scottsdale, Arizona, JDA empowers more than 6,000 companies of all sizes to make optimal decisions that improve profitability and achieve real results in the discrete...
to acquire i2 Technologies for an enterprise value
Enterprise value
Enterprise value , Total enterprise value , or Firm value is an economic measure reflecting the market value of a whole business. It is a sum of claims of all the security-holders: debtholders, preferred shareholders, minority shareholders, common equity holders, and others...
of approximately $346 million in cash, but this was called off on December 4 of the same year. But JDA Software Inc. came back again for a merger and acquired i2 Technologies on January 28, 2010.
Humanitarian Efforts
i2 created AidmatrixAidmatrix
The Aidmatrix Foundation, Inc., is a U.S.-based 501 3 non-profit organization. It is a supply chain software developer for non-profits and those involved in the supply chain of humanitarian relief It is headquartered in Dallas, TX. The President and CEO is Gov...
, a nonprofit organization focused on creating supply chain technology solutions for the humanitarian aid sector. Now an independent organization, the idea and much of the initial effort for Aidmatrix came from i2 employees. Aidmatrix provided assistance to the food bank following hurricane Katrina.
SEC fraud settlement, 2004
In 2004, i2 paid a $10 million penalty to the Securities and Exchange Commission, and agreed to a cease-and-desist order, to settle charges that it had misstated $1 billion in software licensing revenues.Major competitors
- Sterling CommerceSterling CommerceSterling Commerce, an IBM company, provides business-to-business commerce solutions that enable the sharing of information among people, business systems, and enterprise systems...
- SAPSAP AGSAP AG is a German software corporation that makes enterprise software to manage business operations and customer relations. Headquartered in Walldorf, Baden-Württemberg, with regional offices around the world, SAP is the market leader in enterprise application software...
- OracleOracle CorporationOracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products – particularly database management systems...
- JDA SoftwareJDA SoftwareJDA Software Group, Inc. is a leading global provider of supply chain management, merchandising and pricing solutions. Located in Scottsdale, Arizona, JDA empowers more than 6,000 companies of all sizes to make optimal decisions that improve profitability and achieve real results in the discrete...
- Manhattan AssociatesManhattan AssociatesManhattan Associates is a supply chain management software provider. It was founded in 1990 in Manhattan Beach, California from where it borrows its name. The company has been headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, since 1995 and operates offices around the world. The company is a midsize supply chain...
- Infor
- IBMIBMInternational Business Machines Corporation or IBM is an American multinational technology and consulting corporation headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States. IBM manufactures and sells computer hardware and software, and it offers infrastructure, hosting and consulting services in areas...
- LogilityLogilityLogility is a supply chain management company based in Atlanta, Georgia. Logility is a wholly owned subsidiary of American Software . - See also :* Supply chain optimization* Demand forecasting* Logistics Management* Vendor Managed Inventory...
- Nulogx
- PTCPTCPTC may refer to:In education:* Pilot Training College, a JAR Flight Training Organisation fully approved for commercial pilot training....
See also
- Software as a serviceSoftware as a ServiceSoftware as a service , sometimes referred to as "on-demand software," is a software delivery model in which software and its associated data are hosted centrally and are typically accessed by users using a thin client, normally using a web browser over the Internet.SaaS has become a common...
- Sanjiv SidhuSanjiv SidhuSanjiv Sidhu is the founder and chairman of o9 Solutions, a Dallas, Texas based company that offers financially astute business planning and decision making processes and software to multinational corporations. Mr...
- Supply chain managementSupply chain managementSupply chain management is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers...
- Software on demand
- Theory of constraintsTheory of constraintsThe theory of constraints adopts the common idiom "A chain is no stronger than its weakest link" as a new management paradigm. This means that processes, organizations, etc., are vulnerable because the weakest person or part can always damage or break them or at least adversely affect the...