Hyphomycetes
Encyclopedia
Hyphomycetes is an obsolete class
of fungi in the equally obsolete phylum Deuteromycota
that lack fruiting bodies. Most hyphomycetes have now been assigned to the Ascomycota
, mainly as a result of DNA sequencing, but many remain unassigned. Identification of hyphomycetes is primarily based on microscopic morphology including: conidial morphology
, especially septation
, shape, size, colour and cell wall texture, the arrangement of conidia as they are borne on the conidiogenous cells (e.g. if they are solitary, arthrocatenate, blastocatenate, basocatenate, or gloiosporae), the type conidiogenous cell (e.g. non-specialized or hypha
-like, phialide
, annellide, or sympodial
), and other additional features such as the presence of sporodochia or synnemata.
and other organic matter
– Particularly in clean running water
– Good aeration
• Branched septate mycelium
– Spreads through leaf tissue
• Conidiophores
– Project into the water
– Bear conidia
• Usually branched tetraradiate structures
• Important role in the breakdown of organic
matter in rivers
– Leaf litter falls into river
– Colonised and conditioned by fungi
• Mycelium spreads over surface and penetrates leaf
• Extra-cellular enzymes break down leaf tissue
• Leaf tissue made more palatable to invertebrates
• Leaves with fungi (conditioned) are a more
nutritious source of food than unconditioned leaves
• Hyphomycete fungi increase the food value of
leaves in the aquatic environment
Class (biology)
In biological classification, class is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, order, family, genus, and species, with class fitting between phylum and order...
of fungi in the equally obsolete phylum Deuteromycota
Fungi imperfecti
The Fungi imperfecti or imperfect fungi, also known as Deuteromycota, are fungi which do not fit into the commonly established taxonomic classifications of fungi that are based on biological species concepts or morphological characteristics of sexual structures because their sexual form of...
that lack fruiting bodies. Most hyphomycetes have now been assigned to the Ascomycota
Ascomycota
The Ascomycota are a Division/Phylum of the kingdom Fungi, and subkingdom Dikarya. Its members are commonly known as the Sac fungi. They are the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000 species...
, mainly as a result of DNA sequencing, but many remain unassigned. Identification of hyphomycetes is primarily based on microscopic morphology including: conidial morphology
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
, especially septation
Septation
Septation may refer to:*Cell division*Formation of the septum during heart development...
, shape, size, colour and cell wall texture, the arrangement of conidia as they are borne on the conidiogenous cells (e.g. if they are solitary, arthrocatenate, blastocatenate, basocatenate, or gloiosporae), the type conidiogenous cell (e.g. non-specialized or hypha
Hypha
A hypha is a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus, and also of unrelated Actinobacteria. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium; yeasts are unicellular fungi that do not grow as hyphae.-Structure:A hypha consists of one or...
-like, phialide
Phialide
Phialide .*A flask-shaped projection from the vesicle of certain fungi.*Projects from the mycelium without increasing in length unless there is a subsequent increase in the formation of conidia....
, annellide, or sympodial
Sympodial
Sympodial means "with conjoined feet", and in biology is often used to refer to the outward morphology or mode of growth of organisms.-In botany:...
), and other additional features such as the presence of sporodochia or synnemata.
Ecological Importance
• Common on submerged decaying leavesand other organic matter
– Particularly in clean running water
– Good aeration
• Branched septate mycelium
– Spreads through leaf tissue
• Conidiophores
– Project into the water
– Bear conidia
• Usually branched tetraradiate structures
• Important role in the breakdown of organic
matter in rivers
– Leaf litter falls into river
– Colonised and conditioned by fungi
• Mycelium spreads over surface and penetrates leaf
• Extra-cellular enzymes break down leaf tissue
• Leaf tissue made more palatable to invertebrates
• Leaves with fungi (conditioned) are a more
nutritious source of food than unconditioned leaves
• Hyphomycete fungi increase the food value of
leaves in the aquatic environment
See also
- AcremoniumAcremoniumAcremonium is a genus of Fungi in the Hypocreaceae family; it was previously known as "Cephalosporium".-Description:Acremonium species are usually slow growing and are initially compact and moist. Acremonium hyphae are fine and hyaline and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually...
- AspergillusAspergillusAspergillus is a genus consisting of several hundred mold species found in various climates worldwide. Aspergillus was first catalogued in 1729 by the Italian priest and biologist Pier Antonio Micheli...
- BeauveriaBeauveriaBeauveria is a genus of asexually-reproducing fungi allied with the ascomycete family Clavicipitaceae. Its several species are typically insect pathogens. The sexual states of Beauveria species, where known, are species of Cordyceps....
- ChrysosporiumChrysosporiumChrysosporium is a type of hyaline hyphomycetes .Chrysosporium colonies are moderately fast growing, flat, white to tan to beige in colour; they often with a powdery or granular surface texture. Hyaline, one-celled are produced directly on vegetative hyphae by non-specialized conidiogenous cells...
- FusariumFusariumFusarium is a large genus of filamentous fungi widely distributed in soil and in association with plants. Most species are harmless saprobes, and are relatively abundant members of the soil microbial community. Some species produce mycotoxins in cereal crops that can affect human and animal health...
- GeotrichumGeotrichumGeotrichum is a genus of fungi found worldwide in soil, water, air, and sewage, as well as in plants, cereals, and dairy products; it is also commonly found in normal human flora and is isolated from sputum and feces....
- Gliocladium
- GraphiumGraphium (fungus)Graphium is a genus of fungi in the family Microascaceae. It probably evolved from a lichen ancestor, as it is closely related to many lichenized species of fungi.-External links:* at Index Fungorum...
- MadurellaMadurellaMadurella is a genus of fungus of the Hyphomycetes class.According to MeSH, it is responsible for maduromycosis.It has also been classified with the Mitosporic Ascomycota.It includes:* Madurella grisea* Madurella mycetomatis-External links:...
- Malbranchea
- PaecilomycesPaecilomycesPaecilomyces is a genus of nematophagous fungus which kills harmful nematodes by pathogenesis, causing disease in the nematodes. Therefore the fungus can be used as a bio-nematicide to control nematodes by applying it to soil.-Species:...
- PenicilliumPenicilliumPenicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production. Members of the genus produce penicillin, a molecule that is used as an antibiotic, which kills or stops the growth of certain kinds of bacteria inside the body...
- Scedosporium
- ScopulariopsisScopulariopsisScopulariopsis is a genus of anamorphic fungi that are saprobic and pathogenic to animals. The widespread genus contains 22 species....
- Sepedonium
- TrichodermaTrichodermaTrichoderma is a genus of fungi that is present in all soils, where they are the most prevalent culturable fungi. Many species in this genus can be characterized as opportunistic avirulent plant symbionts.-Species:...
- Trichothecium
- VerticilliumVerticilliumVerticillium is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota, and are an anamorphic form of the Plectosphaerellaceae family. The genus used to include diverse groups comprising saprobes and parasites of higher plants, insects, nematodes, mollusc eggs and other fungi thus it can be seen that the...
External links
- http://www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au/Fungal_Descriptions/Hyphomycetes_(hyaline)/
- http://www-biol.paisley.ac.uk/bioref/Fungi/Botrytis_cinerea.html