House of Kayus
Encyclopedia

The Kayusid or House of Kayus (also Kâvos) or Kâvusakân (226
226
Year 226 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Marcellus...

-380
380
Year 380 was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Augustus and Augustus...

) was a Kurdish
Kurdish people
The Kurdish people, or Kurds , are an Iranian people native to the Middle East, mostly inhabiting a region known as Kurdistan, which includes adjacent parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey...

 province of Sassanid Empire
Sassanid Empire
The Sassanid Empire , known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr and Ērān in Middle Persian and resulting in the New Persian terms Iranshahr and Iran , was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty from 224 to 651...

 in central and southern Kurdistan established in 226
226
Year 226 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Marcellus...

 CE. The House of Kayus was established after an agreement between Kurdish principalities and kingdoms and the Persian Empire, following a two-year war between the Empire and the local kingdoms. A local Kurdish prince, Kayus
Kayus
Kayus or Kâvos was the name of a Kurdish prince who ruled the Kâvusakân Dynasty in AD 226. Kayus was reinstated king of the Median Kurds following a two-year war between an array of united Kurdish kingdoms and the Persian Sassanian Empire. Kayus was known as King of the Median Kurds and ruled as...

, was reinstated tributary king to rule the Kurds. Kayus was among the last semi-independent Kurdish kingdoms during the Sassanid Dynasty. After the fall of Sassanids and the Arab conquest, new Kurdish kingdoms such as Hasanwayhid
Hasanwayhid
Hasanawayhid or Hasanuyid was a Kurdish principality from 959 to 1015, centered at Dinawar . The principality ruled western Iran and upper Mesopotamia. The founder of the dynasty was Hasanwayh bin Husayn from the Kurdish tribe of Barzikani...

s were established around 10th century in the same region.

Prior to the establishment of the House of Kayus, a number of unified Kurdish principalities and kingdoms from Barzan and Hakkari
Hakkari
Hakkâri , is a city and the capital of the Hakkâri Province of Turkey. The name Hakkâri is derived from the Syriac word, Akkare, meaning farmers...

 to Mukriyan
Mukriyan
Mukriyan, was a Kurdish emirate centered at Mahabad, ruling areas to the south and west of lake Urmia, since the end of 15th century until the middle of 19th century....

 and Shahrazur ruled under the leadership of the kingdom of Kerm (serpent) centered at Kermanshah
Kermanshah
Kermanshah is a city in and the capital of Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 784,602, in 198,117 families.The overwhelming majority of Kermanshahi people are Shi'a Muslims...

. In AD 224, Ardashir I, founder of the Persian Sassanian Empire, challenged the kingdom of Kermanshah in a two-year war before finally receiving suzerainty
Suzerainty
Suzerainty occurs where a region or people is a tributary to a more powerful entity which controls its foreign affairs while allowing the tributary vassal state some limited domestic autonomy. The dominant entity in the suzerainty relationship, or the more powerful entity itself, is called a...

from a number of Kurdish kingdoms across the region. The House of Kayus was established in AD 226 and remained a semi-independent kingdom until AD 380 before Ardashir II removed the dynasty's last ruling member.
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