House of Draškovic
Encyclopedia
The House of Drašković, also spelled Draskovich in English, is one of the oldest Croatia
n noble families, originally descended from lower-rank nobility of the Lika
region.
There are no reliable data on them before the 15th century. The first reliable information is provided by three documents written in Glagolitic alphabet
in 1490 (mentioning "35 noblemen of the Drašković family), kept at the Budapest
National Archives.
In the 15th century, they owned an estate in Donje Zazično (today's Donje Pazarište) in the Buška parish and around Knin
, which is why Bartol, who started the family's noble line, was in a document from 1520. referred to as "Kninjanin" (from Knin).
In the first half of the 16th century, due to the Turkish threat
, Bartol left Zazično and moved to the Kupa
river valley. He fathered cardinal Juraj I Gašpar who was made baron in 1567, and given Trakošćan
in 1569. After that, the family members were referred to as "Trakošćanski" (from or of Trakošćan).
Juraj Drašković
(1525–1585) was trained for priesthood in Kraków, Vienna, Bologna, and Rome. He made a good career as a religious dignitary, and considerably added to the family fortune. In 1557, he was made bishop of Pécs
and, in 1563, of Zagreb
. As of 1576, he was the Croatian ban (Vice-Roy). By the end of his life, he was made a cardinal
. He left behind several tractates, as well as a collection of sermons and speeches in manuscript.
Ivan I Drašković, a younger brother of Juraj
, was a commander of Croatian and Hungarian forces under the supreme command of Nikola Šubić Zrinski
defending Szigetvár
from the Turks in 1566.
Ivan II Drašković, a nephew of Juraj and Ivan I, defended Turopolje
from the Turks in 1570. He was the ban of Croatia
between 1595 and 1608.
Ivan III Drašković
(1603–1648) studied philosophy in Graz and law in Bologna. In 1640, he became the Croatian Vice-Roy (ban). He lead victorious battles against the Turks, and was particularly concerned with fortifying burgs and Croatian Military Border fortifications, which is why he was called "defensor Croatiae". At the assembly held in 1646 in Požun, he was made the highest Hungarian national dignitary. He was the only Croatian who had this honour during the Habsburgs' rule.
Josip Kazimir Drašković
, general. His marriage to a noblewoman of lower descent hurt his brilliant military career and made it impossible for him to advance. He played a particularly important role in the seven-year war (1756–1763).
Janko Drašković
(1770–1856), national reformer and politician. He was very broadly educated, and even considered as the best educated person in Croatia at the turn of the 18th c. His best known piece is Disertacija or "Tractate", published in Karlovac in 1832. It was the first political pamphlet written in štokavian dialect. Disertacija is the political, economic, and cultural programme of the Illyrian movement
. In 1842, he gave a programmatic speech on the occasion of Matica ilirska's (the local cultural and publishing society's) establishment, as its first chairman. He dedicated all of his energy to his political activity and to the battle against pro-Hungarians. His Disertacija was translated into German in 1834. He also wrote poetry.
Juraj V Drašković: As Major-General, he fought with Radetzki
, and later also with ban Jelačić
. He was an MP, and one among the founders of the then Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. He started making callotypes already in 1848, his collection being one among the earliest and best preserved of its kind in the country.
Karlo Dragutin Drašković (1873–1900), amateur photographer. After finishing high school in Zagreb, he studied law and technology in Budapest. He became engaged in photography in 1892. In 1895, he became a member of the Wiener Camera Club. There are several hundred of his negatives, prints, and slides preserved from the 1894-1899 period. Particularly interesting are those recording fast movements. He was one among the most pronounced 19th c. amateur photographers.
Julijana Drašković (1847–1901) Here paintings may today be found mostly in Trakošćan. Along with her brothers Rudolf and Stjepan, and son Karlo, she was also engaged in amateur photography.
Maria Drašković of Trakošćan
(1904–1969) was the first wife of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
, head of the House of Wittelsbach and pretender to the Kingdom of Bavaria
from 1955 to 1996, as well the jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France.
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
n noble families, originally descended from lower-rank nobility of the Lika
Lika
Lika is a mountainous region in central Croatia, roughly bound by the Velebit mountain from the southwest and the Plješevica mountain from the northeast. On the north-west end Lika is bounded by Ogulin-Plaški basin, and on the south-east by the Malovan pass...
region.
There are no reliable data on them before the 15th century. The first reliable information is provided by three documents written in Glagolitic alphabet
Glagolitic alphabet
The Glagolitic alphabet , also known as Glagolitsa, is the oldest known Slavic alphabet. The name was not coined until many centuries after its creation, and comes from the Old Slavic glagolъ "utterance" . The verb glagoliti means "to speak"...
in 1490 (mentioning "35 noblemen of the Drašković family), kept at the Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
National Archives.
In the 15th century, they owned an estate in Donje Zazično (today's Donje Pazarište) in the Buška parish and around Knin
Knin
Knin is a historical town in the Šibenik-Knin county of Croatia, located near the source of the river Krka at , in the Dalmatian hinterland, on the railroad Zagreb–Split. Knin rose to prominence twice in history, as a one-time capital of both the Kingdom of Croatia and briefly of the...
, which is why Bartol, who started the family's noble line, was in a document from 1520. referred to as "Kninjanin" (from Knin).
In the first half of the 16th century, due to the Turkish threat
Ottoman wars in Europe
The wars of the Ottoman Empire in Europe are also sometimes referred to as the Ottoman Wars or as Turkish Wars, particularly in older, European texts.- Rise :...
, Bartol left Zazično and moved to the Kupa
Kupa
Kupa may refer to:*Kupa River, a river in Croatia and Slovenia*Kupa River , a river in Lithuania*Kupa River in Siberia, see Kuta River*Kupa Synagogue, a synagogue in Krakow*Kupa, Hungary, a village in Northern Hungary...
river valley. He fathered cardinal Juraj I Gašpar who was made baron in 1567, and given Trakošćan
Trakošcan
Trakošćan is a castle located in northern Croatia that dates back to the 13th century ....
in 1569. After that, the family members were referred to as "Trakošćanski" (from or of Trakošćan).
Famous family members
From the 16th to the 19th century, several family members became renowned in Croatia as politicians, army leaders, and religious dignitaries.Juraj Drašković
Juraj Drašković
Juraj II Drašković , February 5, 1525 – January 31, 1587) was a Croatian nobleman, statesman and Catholic bishop and cardinal, very powerful and influential in the Croato-Hungarian Kingdom...
(1525–1585) was trained for priesthood in Kraków, Vienna, Bologna, and Rome. He made a good career as a religious dignitary, and considerably added to the family fortune. In 1557, he was made bishop of Pécs
Pécs
Pécs is the fifth largest city of Hungary, located on the slopes of the Mecsek mountains in the south-west of the country, close to its border with Croatia. It is the administrative and economical centre of Baranya county...
and, in 1563, of Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
. As of 1576, he was the Croatian ban (Vice-Roy). By the end of his life, he was made a cardinal
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
. He left behind several tractates, as well as a collection of sermons and speeches in manuscript.
Ivan I Drašković, a younger brother of Juraj
Juraj Drašković
Juraj II Drašković , February 5, 1525 – January 31, 1587) was a Croatian nobleman, statesman and Catholic bishop and cardinal, very powerful and influential in the Croato-Hungarian Kingdom...
, was a commander of Croatian and Hungarian forces under the supreme command of Nikola Šubić Zrinski
Nikola Šubic Zrinski
Nikola Šubić Zrinski , was a Croatian nobleman and general in service of Habsburg Monarchy, ban of Croatia from 1542 to 1556, and member of the Zrinski noble family...
defending Szigetvár
Battle of Szigetvár
The Siege of Szigetvár or Battle of Szigeth was a siege of the Szigeth Fortress in Baranya which blocked Suleiman's line of advance towards Vienna in 1566 AD...
from the Turks in 1566.
Ivan II Drašković, a nephew of Juraj and Ivan I, defended Turopolje
Turopolje
Turopolje is a region in Croatia situated between the capital city Zagreb and Sisak. The administrative center of the region Turopolje is the town of Velika Gorica.-Overview:...
from the Turks in 1570. He was the ban of Croatia
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
between 1595 and 1608.
Ivan III Drašković
Ivan III Drašković
Ivan III Drašković or 1603 – Olováry , August 5, 1648), was a Croatian warrior and statesman, a member of the Drašković noble family.-Family and education:...
(1603–1648) studied philosophy in Graz and law in Bologna. In 1640, he became the Croatian Vice-Roy (ban). He lead victorious battles against the Turks, and was particularly concerned with fortifying burgs and Croatian Military Border fortifications, which is why he was called "defensor Croatiae". At the assembly held in 1646 in Požun, he was made the highest Hungarian national dignitary. He was the only Croatian who had this honour during the Habsburgs' rule.
Josip Kazimir Drašković
Josip Kazimir Drašković
Josip Kazimir Drašković A brilliant Croatian general who played a particularly important role in the Seven Years' War . Count, of the noble House of Drašković...
, general. His marriage to a noblewoman of lower descent hurt his brilliant military career and made it impossible for him to advance. He played a particularly important role in the seven-year war (1756–1763).
Janko Drašković
Janko Draškovic
Janko Drašković was a Croatian national reformer, politician and poet. He was a member of the Drašković family, one of the oldest Croatian noble families.-Biography:Janko Drašković was born in 1770 in Zagreb...
(1770–1856), national reformer and politician. He was very broadly educated, and even considered as the best educated person in Croatia at the turn of the 18th c. His best known piece is Disertacija or "Tractate", published in Karlovac in 1832. It was the first political pamphlet written in štokavian dialect. Disertacija is the political, economic, and cultural programme of the Illyrian movement
Illyrian movement
The Illyrian movement , also Croatian national revival , was a cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian intellectuals during the first half of 19th century, around the years of 1835–1849...
. In 1842, he gave a programmatic speech on the occasion of Matica ilirska's (the local cultural and publishing society's) establishment, as its first chairman. He dedicated all of his energy to his political activity and to the battle against pro-Hungarians. His Disertacija was translated into German in 1834. He also wrote poetry.
Juraj V Drašković: As Major-General, he fought with Radetzki
Joseph Radetzky von Radetz
Johann Josef Wenzel Graf Radetzky von Radetz was a Czech nobleman and Austrian general, immortalised by Johann Strauss I's Radetzky March...
, and later also with ban Jelačić
Josip Jelacic
Count Josip Jelačić of Bužim was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859...
. He was an MP, and one among the founders of the then Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts. He started making callotypes already in 1848, his collection being one among the earliest and best preserved of its kind in the country.
Karlo Dragutin Drašković (1873–1900), amateur photographer. After finishing high school in Zagreb, he studied law and technology in Budapest. He became engaged in photography in 1892. In 1895, he became a member of the Wiener Camera Club. There are several hundred of his negatives, prints, and slides preserved from the 1894-1899 period. Particularly interesting are those recording fast movements. He was one among the most pronounced 19th c. amateur photographers.
Julijana Drašković (1847–1901) Here paintings may today be found mostly in Trakošćan. Along with her brothers Rudolf and Stjepan, and son Karlo, she was also engaged in amateur photography.
Maria Drašković of Trakošćan
Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan
align="right"|Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan was the first wife of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, head of the House of Wittelsbach and pretender to the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1955 to 1996 as well as the Jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France...
(1904–1969) was the first wife of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria
Albrecht Luitpold Ferdinand Michael, Duke of Bavaria, of Franconia and in Swabia, Count Palatine of the Rhine , was the son of Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria and his first wife, Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria. He was the one surviving child from that marriage...
, head of the House of Wittelsbach and pretender to the Kingdom of Bavaria
Kingdom of Bavaria
The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...
from 1955 to 1996, as well the jacobite pretender to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France.