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Hohenau (Paraguay)
Encyclopedia
Hohenau is a city of the Itapúa Department
, Paraguay
, located 8 kilometers away from Trinidad
and 365 kilometers away from Asunción
. It has extensive cultivation fields and streams nearby like the Capi'ivary, Poromocó, Mansisovy, Santa María and others.
.
Founder Wilhelm (Guillermo) Closs, who was of German descent, was born on 31 October 1841 in Baumschneis, Brazil (today's Dois Irmãos
). Closs established a place called "Serra Pelada" in the state of Río Grande do Sul
. Later, he decided to move to Paraguay
, where he met Hohenau's future co-founder Carlos Reverchon. Together, they drafted plans for a massive wave of German immigrants to settle in the region.
Aided by the Austria
n consul to Paraguay, they successfully persuaded the government to allow for the construction of a colony. So, by a decree dated September 12, 1898, the Paraguayan government gave Guillermo Closs and Carlos Reverchon a share of 16 square leagues
in the then Alto Paraná, Encarnación Department.
On March 14, 1900, the first settlers arrived from Encarnación
In August 1900, the arrival of 8 more families (a total of 55 people ), set the stage for mass migration to the colony. Some of these first families were the Dresslers, Kuschels, Fritzes, Jachows, as well as others.
This families survived to many problems, such as diseases, scarcity and lack of communication, which were gradually overcome. The town's status was elevated to an official district in 1944.
In the 1930s and '40s, the colony began to attract many non-Germans, such as Poles, Ukrainians and Russians, and to a lesser degree Belgians and French. Later, in 1958, a large wave of Japanese arrived. These settlers then went on to found the district of La Paz.
district, to the south with the Trinidad
district, and to the west to the Jesús
, La Paz and San Pedro del Paraná
districts.
Is on a zone rich in hydrographic resources with the Paraná river
and the Capi'ivary stream.
The inhabitants dedicates to the agriculture, specifically to the cultivation of soy, cotton
, corn
, manioc, yerba mate
, tung
, sorgo, citric, bean
, peanut
and watermelon
, and the stock-breeding: cows, pigs and birds.
It also has this industries: flour mills, yerba mate
mills, wine reservoirs, bricks factory, bakeries, saw-mills, carpentries and starch
factories.
According to the General Directorate of Statistics, Polls and Census, the Hohenau district has the second-highest living standards in Paraguay, the first being the capital, Asunción
.
Among the attractions this city offers are the German and Japan
ese colonies, where the visitant could admire the architectural characteristics, the typical meals and the cultivation fields.
Hohenau can be reached by the Ruta Sexta Doctor Juan León Mallorquín, a road that crosses the urban center of the city and connects it with the cities of Encarnación
and Ciudad del Este
. A network of local roads connects Hohenau with other places in the neighbourhood.
The sanitary institutions in the city are: SOS Aldea de Niños, founded August 21, 1971, in a terrain donated by the German Association of Hohenau and actually has 17 buildings housing 160 kids; the Mother and Child Hospital, the SOS Hospital, that counts with 40 beds and 2500 monthly consults; and the Adventist Clinic, that started its medical assistance service to the district and the department in 1963.
Rural zone:
Itapúa Department
Itapúa is a department in the southern region of Paraguay. The capital is the city of Encarnación. It is divided into 30 districts, making it the department with the most districts in the country.-History:...
, Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
, located 8 kilometers away from Trinidad
Trinidad, Paraguay
Trinidad is a town in the Itapúa department of Paraguay.- Sources :* – World-Gazetteer.com...
and 365 kilometers away from Asunción
Asunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
. It has extensive cultivation fields and streams nearby like the Capi'ivary, Poromocó, Mansisovy, Santa María and others.
Name
The name comes from its elevate position with a little downhill to the Paraná river, meaning "High prairie", "Elevated camp" or "Undulated valley" in GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
.
History
The city was founded on March 14, 1900 by Carlos Reverchon, Guillermo Closs, Ambrosio Scholler and Esteban Scholler, helped by German colonists.Founder Wilhelm (Guillermo) Closs, who was of German descent, was born on 31 October 1841 in Baumschneis, Brazil (today's Dois Irmãos
Dois Irmãos
Dois Irmãos is a municipality in the state Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Its original German name was Baumschneis".-See also:*List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul...
). Closs established a place called "Serra Pelada" in the state of Río Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul
Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil, and the state with the fifth highest Human Development Index in the country. In this state is located the southernmost city in the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine...
. Later, he decided to move to Paraguay
Paraguay
Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
, where he met Hohenau's future co-founder Carlos Reverchon. Together, they drafted plans for a massive wave of German immigrants to settle in the region.
Aided by the Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n consul to Paraguay, they successfully persuaded the government to allow for the construction of a colony. So, by a decree dated September 12, 1898, the Paraguayan government gave Guillermo Closs and Carlos Reverchon a share of 16 square leagues
League (unit)
A league is a unit of length . It was long common in Europe and Latin America, but it is no longer an official unit in any nation. The league originally referred to the distance a person or a horse could walk in an hour...
in the then Alto Paraná, Encarnación Department.
On March 14, 1900, the first settlers arrived from Encarnación
Encarnación, Paraguay
Encarnación is the capital city of the Paraguayan department of Itapúa, located at the south of the department, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, opposite Posadas, Argentina...
In August 1900, the arrival of 8 more families (a total of 55 people ), set the stage for mass migration to the colony. Some of these first families were the Dresslers, Kuschels, Fritzes, Jachows, as well as others.
This families survived to many problems, such as diseases, scarcity and lack of communication, which were gradually overcome. The town's status was elevated to an official district in 1944.
In the 1930s and '40s, the colony began to attract many non-Germans, such as Poles, Ukrainians and Russians, and to a lesser degree Belgians and French. Later, in 1958, a large wave of Japanese arrived. These settlers then went on to found the district of La Paz.
Geography
The city has 220 square kilometers. Limits to the north and the east with the ObligadoObligado
Obligado is a town in the Itapúa department of Paraguay.- Sources :* – World-Gazetteer.com...
district, to the south with the Trinidad
Trinidad, Paraguay
Trinidad is a town in the Itapúa department of Paraguay.- Sources :* – World-Gazetteer.com...
district, and to the west to the Jesús
Jesus
Jesus of Nazareth , commonly referred to as Jesus Christ or simply as Jesus or Christ, is the central figure of Christianity...
, La Paz and San Pedro del Paraná
San Pedro del Paraná
San Pedro del Paraná is a town in the Itapúa department of Paraguay.This village is far 360 km of the country's capital Asunción by Route No. 1 Mariscal Francisco Solano López which, in turn, reaches Encarnación.-Geography:...
districts.
Is on a zone rich in hydrographic resources with the Paraná river
Paraná River
The Paraná River is a river in south Central South America, running through Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina for some . It is second in length only to the Amazon River among South American rivers. The name Paraná is an abbreviation of the phrase "para rehe onáva", which comes from the Tupi language...
and the Capi'ivary stream.
Climate
The climate is sub-tropical, ideal for the agriculture, with temperatures oscillating the 3º and 4º Celsius in winter and the 37º and 38º in summer.Economy
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, corn
Maize
Maize known in many English-speaking countries as corn or mielie/mealie, is a grain domesticated by indigenous peoples in Mesoamerica in prehistoric times. The leafy stalk produces ears which contain seeds called kernels. Though technically a grain, maize kernels are used in cooking as a vegetable...
, manioc, yerba mate
Yerba mate
Maté, yerba maté or erva maté , Ilex paraguariensis, is a species of holly native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay...
, tung
Tung
Tung can refer to:* Tung tree, a deciduous tree native to China.** Tung oil, a furniture finish made from the seeds of the tung tree.* Tung, a Cantonese Romanization of Chinese family names 董, commonly use in Hong Kong....
, sorgo, citric, bean
Bean
Bean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae used for human food or animal feed....
, peanut
Peanut
The peanut, or groundnut , is a species in the legume or "bean" family , so it is not a nut. The peanut was probably first cultivated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing tall...
and watermelon
Watermelon
Watermelon is a vine-like flowering plant originally from southern Africa. Its fruit, which is also called watermelon, is a special kind referred to by botanists as a pepo, a berry which has a thick rind and fleshy center...
, and the stock-breeding: cows, pigs and birds.
It also has this industries: flour mills, yerba mate
Yerba mate
Maté, yerba maté or erva maté , Ilex paraguariensis, is a species of holly native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay...
mills, wine reservoirs, bricks factory, bakeries, saw-mills, carpentries and starch
Starch
Starch or amylum is a carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plants as an energy store...
factories.
According to the General Directorate of Statistics, Polls and Census, the Hohenau district has the second-highest living standards in Paraguay, the first being the capital, Asunción
Asunción
Asunción is the capital and largest city of Paraguay.The "Ciudad de Asunción" is an autonomous capital district not part of any department. The metropolitan area, called Gran Asunción, includes the cities of San Lorenzo, Fernando de la Mora, Lambaré, Luque, Mariano Roque Alonso, Ñemby, San...
.
Tourism
In this city could be visited the Alto Paraná Hunting and Fishing Club where the traditional Fishing of Dorado takes place.Among the attractions this city offers are the German and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
ese colonies, where the visitant could admire the architectural characteristics, the typical meals and the cultivation fields.
Hohenau can be reached by the Ruta Sexta Doctor Juan León Mallorquín, a road that crosses the urban center of the city and connects it with the cities of Encarnación
Encarnación, Paraguay
Encarnación is the capital city of the Paraguayan department of Itapúa, located at the south of the department, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná River, opposite Posadas, Argentina...
and Ciudad del Este
Ciudad del Este
Ciudad del Este is the second largest city in Paraguay and capital of Alto Paraná department, located at the Rio Paraná....
. A network of local roads connects Hohenau with other places in the neighbourhood.
Institutions
The city has a dance school, culinary arts academy, tailoring academy, barber academy and other institutions that teaches computer science and typewriting.The sanitary institutions in the city are: SOS Aldea de Niños, founded August 21, 1971, in a terrain donated by the German Association of Hohenau and actually has 17 buildings housing 160 kids; the Mother and Child Hospital, the SOS Hospital, that counts with 40 beds and 2500 monthly consults; and the Adventist Clinic, that started its medical assistance service to the district and the department in 1963.
Neighborhoods
Center:- San José
- San Blás
- Cerro Corá
- CONAVI
- Primavera
- Obrero
- Santa Lucía
Rural zone:
- Hohenau 1 (Puerto Hohenau)
- Hohenau 2 (Centro Urbano)
- Hohenau 3 (Campo Ángel)
- Hohenau 4 (Caguarené)
- Hohenau 5 (Santa María)
Notable residents
- Nazi war criminal Dr. Josef Mengele lived in hiding in Hohenau between 1959 and 1960.
External links
Government Official Website Official Tourist Information Website- SENATUR
- World Gazeteer: Paraguay – World-Gazetteer.com