Heterodimeric amino acid transporter
Encyclopedia
Heterodimeric amino-acid transporters are a family of transport protein
s that facilitate the transport of certain amino acid
s across cell membrane
s. Each transporter comprises a two-protein, a light and heavy, subunit.
The following table lists the members of this family:
Transport protein
A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, or macromolecules, such as another protein across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral membrane proteins; that is they exist within and span the membrane across which they...
s that facilitate the transport of certain amino acid
Amino acid
Amino acids are molecules containing an amine group, a carboxylic acid group and a side-chain that varies between different amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen...
s across cell membrane
Cell membrane
The cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...
s. Each transporter comprises a two-protein, a light and heavy, subunit.
The following table lists the members of this family:
| Transport system | Light subunit | Heavy subunit | Tissue distribution | Substrates | Affinity | Sodium dependence | Disease linkage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L | LAT1 (SLC7A5 SLC7A5 Solute carrier family 7 member 5 also known as large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A5 gene.... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2 SLC3A2 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC3A2 gene.SLC3A2 comprises the light subunit of the large neutral amino acid transporter that is also known as CD98 .- Function :SLC3A2 is a member of the solute carrier family and encodes a cell surface,... ) |
kidney, liver, intestine, brain, heart lung, blood-brain barrier Blood-brain barrier The blood–brain barrier is a separation of circulating blood and the brain extracellular fluid in the central nervous system . It occurs along all capillaries and consists of tight junctions around the capillaries that do not exist in normal circulation. Endothelial cells restrict the diffusion... |
large neutral amino acids, thyroid hormone Thyroid hormone The thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodothyronine , are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. An important component in the synthesis of thyroid hormones is iodine. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine ,... s |
micromolar | no | – |
| L | LAT2 (SLC7A8 SLC7A8 Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A8 gene.-Further reading:... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2) | kidney, intestine, brain, liver, muscle, heart, lung | smaller neutral amino acids | millimolar | no | – |
| y+L | y+LAT1 (SLC7A7 SLC7A7 Y+L amino acid transporter 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A7 gene.-See also:* Heterodimeric amino acid transporter* Solute carrier family* Lysinuric protein intolerance-Further reading:-External links:*... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2) | kidney, intestine, lung, erythrocytes, leukocytes | large neutral amino acids, dibasic amino acid exchange | micromolar | yes | Lysinuric protein intolerance Lysinuric protein intolerance Lysinuric protein intolerance , also called hyperdibasic aminoaciduria type 2 or familial protein intolerance, is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder affecting amino acid transport.... |
| y+L | y+LAT2 (SLC7A6 SLC7A6 Solute carrier family 7 member 6 also known as cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system or Y+L amino acid transporter 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A6 gene.-Further reading:... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2) | brain, intestine, heart, kidney, lung, liver | neutral amino acids, dibasic amino acid exchange, glutamine/arginine exchange | millimolar | yes | – |
| xc- | xCT (SLC7A11 SLC7A11 Cystine/glutamate transporter is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A11 gene.-Further reading:... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2) | macrophages, liver, kidney, brain | glutamine/cystine exchange | no | – | |
| asc | ascAT1 (SLC7A10 SLC7A10 Solute carrier family 7 member 10 also known as Asc-type amino acid transporter 1 or Asc-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC7A10 gene.... ) |
4F2hc (SLC3A2) | brain, lung, small intestine, kidney | small neutral amino acids | no | – | |
| b0,+ | b0,+AT1 (SLC7A9 SLC7A9 Solute carrier family 7 , member 9 also known as SLC7A9 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC7A9 gene.- Function :... ) |
rBAT (SLC3A1 SLC3A1 SLC3A1 is a protein associated with cystinuria.Neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC3A1 gene.-Further reading:... ) |
kidney, intestine, brain | neutral/dibasic amino acids | no | Cystinuria type I Cystinuria Cystinuria is an inherited autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.-Signs and symptoms:Cystinuria is a cause of persistent kidney stones... |