Heterodera
Encyclopedia
Heterodera is a genus of nematode
s in the family Heteroderidae
. Members of the genus are obligate parasites
and different species attack different crops, often causing great economic damage. The genus is unique among nematode genera because of the ability of the female to transform into a tough, brown, cyst
which protects the eggs
which have been formed within her body.
Nematode
The nematodes or roundworms are the most diverse phylum of pseudocoelomates, and one of the most diverse of all animals. Nematode species are very difficult to distinguish; over 28,000 have been described, of which over 16,000 are parasitic. It has been estimated that the total number of nematode...
s in the family Heteroderidae
Heteroderidae
Heteroderidae is a family of nematodes....
. Members of the genus are obligate parasites
Parasitism
Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species where one organism, the parasite, benefits at the expense of the other, the host. Traditionally parasite referred to organisms with lifestages that needed more than one host . These are now called macroparasites...
and different species attack different crops, often causing great economic damage. The genus is unique among nematode genera because of the ability of the female to transform into a tough, brown, cyst
Cyst
A cyst is a closed sac, having a distinct membrane and division on the nearby tissue. It may contain air, fluids, or semi-solid material. A collection of pus is called an abscess, not a cyst. Once formed, a cyst could go away on its own or may have to be removed through surgery.- Locations :* Acne...
which protects the eggs
Egg (biology)
An egg is an organic vessel in which an embryo first begins to develop. In most birds, reptiles, insects, molluscs, fish, and monotremes, an egg is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum, which is expelled from the body and permitted to develop outside the body until the developing...
which have been formed within her body.
Diversity
The following is a list of taxa in the genus Heterodera:- Heterodera amygdaliHeterodera amygdaliHeterodera amygdali is a plant pathogenic nematode native to Tajikistan.-References:*Kir'yanova, E. S.; Ivanova, T. S. 1975 Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoi deg SSR Ahboroti Akademijai Fanhoi RSS Rocikiston, Otdelenie Biologicheskikh Nauk : 52-56...
- Heterodera arenariaHeterodera arenariaHeterodera arenaria is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera aucklandicaHeterodera aucklandicaHeterodera aucklandica is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera avenaeHeterodera avenaeHeterodera avenae, the cereal cyst nematode or Ustinov cyst nematode, is a plant pathogen and an obligate parasite of cereal crops including barley, oats, wheat and rye. Cereal crops infected with this nematode are more prone to infection by fungal diseases such as rhizoctonia root rot. -Life...
- Heterodera bergeniaeHeterodera bergeniaeHeterodera bergeniae is a plant pathogenic nematode in Pakistan....
- Heterodera bifenestraHeterodera bifenestraHeterodera bifenestra is a plant pathogenic nematode, who is the causal agent of the cereal cyst nematode....
- Heterodera cactiHeterodera cactiHeterodera cacti is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera cajaniHeterodera cajaniHeterodera cajani is a plant pathogenic nematode, who is cited as an invasive species....
- Heterodera canadensisHeterodera canadensisHeterodera canadensis is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera cardiolataHeterodera cardiolataHeterodera cardiolata is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera carotaeHeterodera carotaeHeterodera carotae, is a plant pathogenic nematode commonly known as the carrot root nematode or carrot cyst nematode. It is found in Europe, Cyprus and India and is considered an invasive species in the United States...
- Heterodera ciceriHeterodera ciceriHeterodera ciceri is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera cruciferaeHeterodera cruciferaeHeterodera cruciferae is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera delviiHeterodera delviiHeterodera delvii is a plant pathogenic nematode, who is cited as an invasive species. -References:*JAIRAJPUR, M. Shamim; KHAN, VC'ajih U.; SETTY, K. G. H.; GOVINDU, H. C. Revue de Nematologie 2 1979:3-9....
- Heterodera elachistaHeterodera elachistaHeterodera elachista is a plant pathogenic nematode, which is cited as an invasive species....
- Heterodera filipjeviHeterodera filipjeviHeterodera filipjevi is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera gambiensisHeterodera gambiensisHeterodera gambiensis is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera glycines, Soybean cyst nematode
- Heterodera goettingianaHeterodera goettingianaHeterodera goettingiana is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera hordecalisHeterodera hordecalisHeterodera hordecalis is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera humuliHeterodera humuliHeterodera humuli is a plant pathogenic nematode, the hop cyst nematode. It is an obligate parasite and infests hop plants, Humulus lupulus.-Description:...
- Heterodera latiponsHeterodera latiponsHeterodera latipons is a plant pathogenic nematode.- External links :*...
- Heterodera longicaudata
- Heterodera medicaginisHeterodera medicaginisHeterodera medicaginis is a plant pathogenic nematode which is cited as an invasive species. It is closely allied to Heterodera daverti, H. glycines and H. sonchophila in the H. schachtii-group...
, Alfalfa cyst nematode - Heterodera oryzaeHeterodera oryzaeHeterodera oryzae is a plant pathogenic nematode, which is cited as an invasive species....
- Heterodera oryzicolaHeterodera oryzicolaHeterodera oryzicola is a plant pathogenic nematode, which is cited as an invasive species.-External links:* at CAB International...
- Heterodera rosiiHeterodera rosiiHeterodera rosii is a plant pathogenic nematode that attacks chickpea.- External links :*...
- Heterodera sacchariHeterodera sacchariHeterodera sacchari is a plant pathogenic nematode and also an invasive species.- External links :* at CAB International....
- Heterodera schachtiiHeterodera schachtiiHeterodera schachtii is a plant pathogenic nematode. It infects more than 200 different plants including economically important crops such as sugar beets, cabbage, broccoli, and radish. H. schachtii is found worldwide. Affected plants are marked by stunted growth, wilting, yellowing, decreased...
- Heterodera tabacumHeterodera tabacumHeterodera tabacum is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera trifoliiHeterodera trifoliiHeterodera trifolii is a plant pathogenic nematode....
- Heterodera ustinovi