Henry III Jules de Bourbon, prince de Condé
Encyclopedia
Henri Jules de Bourbon, Prince of Condé (Paris
, 29 July 1643 – Paris, 1 April 1709) was prince de Condé, from 1686 to his death. At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy
and was considered insane.
and his wife in 1643. He was five years younger than King Louis XIV
. An only child, he became the sole heir to the enormous Condé fortune and property. His mother was a niece of Cardinal Richelieu. He was baptised at the Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris
on his day of birth. For the first three years of his life, while his father was duc d'Enghien, he was known at court as the duc d'Albret.
Upon the death of his grandfather, he succeeded to his father's courtesy title
of duc d'Enghien
. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon
, he was born a prince du sang
with the style of Monsieur le Duc
.
Throughout much of his life, Henri Jules was mentally unstable. It was said that his mental illness was inherited through his mother's family. He was a short, ugly, debauched and brutal man not only "repulsive in appearance", but "cursed with so violent a temper that it was
positively dangerous to contradict him".
Trained as a soldier, in 1673, he was put in charge of the Rhine front. This high ranking military position was just in name only, though, because Henri Jules lacked the military skills of his father. He was well educated but had a malicious character. A possible bride who was considered for him at this time was his distant cousin, Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, daughter of Gaston d'Orléans
. However, a marriage did not materialise.
He eventually married Anne Henriette of Bavaria
in the chapel of the Palais du Louvre
, in Paris
, in December 1663. The bride was the daughter of Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
, a prince of the Palatine. Her mother was the famous political hostess, Anna Gonzaga
. The couple had ten children. The young princess was noted for her pious, generous and charitable nature. Many at court praised her for her very supportive attitude towards her disagreeable husband. Despite her good qualities, though, Henri Jules, who was prone to great rages, would often beat his quiet wife.
In addition, Henri Jules had an illegitimate daughter by Françoise-Charlotte de Montalais. The child, Julie de Bourbon, was known variously as Julie de Bourbon, Julie de Guenani (an anagram for Anguien, an alternative spelling for the family name Enghien) or Mademoiselle de Châteaubriant. She was legitimised in 1693 when she was twenty-five. She died on 10 March 1710, at the age of forty-three.
He was succeeded by his only son, Louis III, Prince of Condé
.
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Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, 29 July 1643 – Paris, 1 April 1709) was prince de Condé, from 1686 to his death. At the end of his life he suffered from clinical lycanthropy
Clinical lycanthropy
Clinical lycanthropy is defined as a rare psychiatric syndrome that involves a delusion that the affected person can transform or has transformed into a non-human animal or that he or she is an animal. Its name is connected to the mythical condition of lycanthropy, a supernatural affliction in...
and was considered insane.
Biography
Henri Jules was born to Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de CondéLouis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé
Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Condé was a French general and the most famous representative of the Condé branch of the House of Bourbon. Prior to his father's death in 1646, he was styled the Duc d'Enghien...
and his wife in 1643. He was five years younger than King Louis XIV
Louis XIV of France
Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days...
. An only child, he became the sole heir to the enormous Condé fortune and property. His mother was a niece of Cardinal Richelieu. He was baptised at the Église Saint-Sulpice, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
on his day of birth. For the first three years of his life, while his father was duc d'Enghien, he was known at court as the duc d'Albret.
Upon the death of his grandfather, he succeeded to his father's courtesy title
Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer. These styles are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the relatives do not themselves hold substantive titles...
of duc d'Enghien
Duke of Enghien
The title of Duke of Enghien may, like many noble titles, refer to any of several historical figures.-Dukes of Enghien - first creation :...
. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon
House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty . Bourbon kings first ruled Navarre and France in the 16th century. By the 18th century, members of the Bourbon dynasty also held thrones in Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma...
, he was born a prince du sang
Prince du Sang
A prince of the blood was a person who was legitimately descended in the male line from the monarch of a country. In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration...
with the style of Monsieur le Duc
Prince du Sang
A prince of the blood was a person who was legitimately descended in the male line from the monarch of a country. In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration...
.
Throughout much of his life, Henri Jules was mentally unstable. It was said that his mental illness was inherited through his mother's family. He was a short, ugly, debauched and brutal man not only "repulsive in appearance", but "cursed with so violent a temper that it was
positively dangerous to contradict him".
Trained as a soldier, in 1673, he was put in charge of the Rhine front. This high ranking military position was just in name only, though, because Henri Jules lacked the military skills of his father. He was well educated but had a malicious character. A possible bride who was considered for him at this time was his distant cousin, Élisabeth Marguerite d'Orléans, daughter of Gaston d'Orléans
Gaston, Duke of Orléans
Gaston of France, , also known as Gaston d'Orléans, was the third son of King Henry IV of France and his wife Marie de Medici. As a son of the king, he was born a Fils de France. He later acquired the title Duke of Orléans, by which he was generally known during his adulthood...
. However, a marriage did not materialise.
He eventually married Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Anne Henriette of Bavaria
Anne Henriette of Palatinate-Simmern, in France known as Anne Henriette of Bavaria was a Princess of Palatinate-Simmern by birth and by her marriage in 1663, the Duchess of Enghien and then the Princess of Condé...
in the chapel of the Palais du Louvre
Palais du Louvre
The Louvre Palace , on the Right Bank of the Seine in Paris, is a former royal palace situated between the Tuileries Gardens and the church of Saint-Germain l'Auxerrois...
, in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
, in December 1663. The bride was the daughter of Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern
Sir Edward, Count Palatine of Simmern KG was the sixth son of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the "Winter King" of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart....
, a prince of the Palatine. Her mother was the famous political hostess, Anna Gonzaga
Anna Gonzaga
Anne Gonzaga was a French noblewoman and political hostess of Italian descent. She was by marriage Countess Palatine of Simmern, called "Princess Palatine", as the wife of Edward of the Palatinate, a grandson of King James I of England and an uncle of King George I of Great Britain. She bore...
. The couple had ten children. The young princess was noted for her pious, generous and charitable nature. Many at court praised her for her very supportive attitude towards her disagreeable husband. Despite her good qualities, though, Henri Jules, who was prone to great rages, would often beat his quiet wife.
In addition, Henri Jules had an illegitimate daughter by Françoise-Charlotte de Montalais. The child, Julie de Bourbon, was known variously as Julie de Bourbon, Julie de Guenani (an anagram for Anguien, an alternative spelling for the family name Enghien) or Mademoiselle de Châteaubriant. She was legitimised in 1693 when she was twenty-five. She died on 10 March 1710, at the age of forty-three.
He was succeeded by his only son, Louis III, Prince of Condé
Louis III, Prince of Condé
Louis de Bourbon, , was Prince of Condé for less than a year, following the death of his father Henry III, Prince of Condé in 1709...
.
Issue
| Name | | Portrait | Lifespan | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marie Thérèse de Bourbon Princess of Conti |
1 February 1666 – 22 February 1732 |
Born in Paris and known as Mademoiselle de Bourbon in her youth, she married her cousin François Louis, Prince of Conti François Louis, Prince of Conti François Louis de Bourbon, Prince of Conti was Prince de Conti, succeeding his brother Louis Armand I, Prince of Conti in 1685. Until this date he used the title of Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon. He was son of Armand de Bourbon and Anne Marie Martinozzi, niece of Cardinal Jules Mazarin... and had issue; she was for a short time the titular Queen of Poland in 1697. |
|
| Henri de Bourbon Duke of Bourbon |
 |
5 November 1667 – 5 July 1670 |
Born in Paris, he was the Duke of Bourbon and heir apparent Heir apparent An heir apparent or heiress apparent is a person who is first in line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting, except by a change in the rules of succession.... of his father; he died before age 3 in Paris. |
| Louis de Bourbon Duke of Bourbon Prince of Condé |
 |
10 November 1668 – 4 March 1710 |
; Born in Paris, he became the heir apparent of his father on his brother's death in 1670; he married Louise-Françoise de Bourbon Louise-Françoise de Bourbon Louise Françoise de Bourbon, Légitimée de France was the eldest surviving legitimised daughter of Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Madame de Montespan. She was said to have been named after her godmother, Louise de La Vallière, the woman that her mother had replaced as the king's... , Légitimée de France and daughter of Louis XIV Louis XIV of France Louis XIV , known as Louis the Great or the Sun King , was a Bourbon monarch who ruled as King of France and Navarre. His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days... ; the couple had issue. |
| Anne de Bourbon Mademoiselle d’Enghien |
|
11 November 1670 – 27 May 1675 |
Born in Paris, she died at age 4, having been known as Mademoiselle d’Enghien since birth. |
| Henri de Bourbon Count of Clermont |
|
3 July 1672 – 6 June 1675 |
Born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye Saint-Germain-en-Laye Saint-Germain-en-Laye is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the western suburbs of Paris from the centre.Inhabitants are called Saint-Germanois... and died in Paris. |
| Louis Henri de Bourbon Count of La Marche |
|
9 November 1673 – 21 February 1677 |
Born in Paris, he died at the age of 3 in the same city; |
| Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon Anne Marie Victoire de Bourbon Anne Marie de Bourbon was the daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess. As a member of the reigning House of Bourbon, she was a Princesse du Sang. She never married and died of lung disease.-Biography:Anne Marie Victoire was the seventh child born to the Duke and Duchess of Enghien... Mademoiselle d'Enghien Mademoiselle de Condé |
|
11 August 1675 – 23 October 1700 |
Born in Paris, she died at the age of twenty-five at the Château Asnières; |
| Anne Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon Duchess of Maine |
 |
8 November 1676 – 23 January 1753 |
Born in Paris, she was known as Mademoiselle d’Enghien and then Mademoiselle de Charolais during her youth; she married another illegitimate child of Louis XIV, Louis Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Legitimé de France was the eldest legitimised son of the Louis XIV of France and his maîtresse-en-titre, Madame de Montespan... ; the couple had issue. |
| Marie Anne de Bourbon Duchess of Vendôme |
24 February 1678 – 11 April 1718 |
Born in Paris, she was known as Mademoiselle de Montmorency and then Mademoiselle d’Enghien during her youth; she married her cousin, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme; the couple had no issue and Marie Anne died at the Hôtel de Vendôme Hôtel de Vendôme The Hôtel de Vendôme was built as a private home in Paris; the famous Jean-Baptiste Alexandre Le Blond worked on the hôtel.The hôtel is the main relic of what once was the most popular convent in Paris, the Vauvert Charterhouse; founded by Saint-Louis and famous for its vineyard called the Clos de... allegedly as an alcoholic. |
|
| N de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Clermont |
|
17 July 1679 – 17 September 1680 |
Born and died in Paris; |
Titles and styles
- 29 July, 1643 – December 26, 1646 His Serene HighnessSerene HighnessHis/Her Serene Highness is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein and Monaco. It also preceded the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties as well as some non-ruling but princely German noble families until 1918...
the Duke of Albret - December 26, 1646 - 11 November, 1686 Monsieur le DucPrince du SangA prince of the blood was a person who was legitimately descended in the male line from the monarch of a country. In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration...
the Duke of Enghien - 11 November, 1686 – 1 April, 1709 Monsieur le PrincePrince du SangA prince of the blood was a person who was legitimately descended in the male line from the monarch of a country. In France, the rank of prince du sang was the highest held at court after the immediate family of the king during the ancien régime and the Bourbon Restoration...
the Prince of Condé
Titles
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