Heads of state of Chad
Encyclopedia
List of Heads of State of Chad
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)| Tenure | Portrait | Incumbent | Affiliation | Notes |
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| Republic of Chad Chad Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west... |
Independence from France | |||
| (République du Tchad Chad Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west... ) |
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| 11 August 1960 to 23 April 1962 | François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity... , Head of State |
PPT | ||
| 23 April 1962 to 30 August 1973 | François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity... , President |
Changed name to N’Garta Tombalbaye | ||
| 30 August 1973 to 13 April 1975 | N’Garta Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye François Tombalbaye, also called Ngarta Tombalbaye , was a teacher and a trade union activist who served as the first president of Chad. He was born in the southern region of the country in the Moyen-Chari Prefecture near the city of Koumara and was of the Sara ethnic group, the prominent ethnicity... , President |
MNRCS | Previously named François Tombalbaye; Killed in the 1975 coup d'etat Chadian coup of 1975 The Chadian coup of 1975 was in considerable part generated by the growing distrust of the President of Chad, François Tombalbaye, for the army. This distrust came in part from the Chadian Armed Forces incapacity to deal with the rebellion that was inflaming the Muslim north from when the rebel... |
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| 13 April 1975 to 15 April 1975 | Noël Milarew Odingar Noël Milarew Odingar Noël Milarew Odingar was a Chadian officer who briefly served as head of state and was later one of the nine members of the Supreme Military Council, the military junta that ruled Chad between 1975 and 1978.... , interim Head of State |
Mil | ||
| 15 April 1975 to 12 May 1975 | Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou Félix Malloum General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel... , Chairman of the Supreme Military Council |
Mil | ||
| 12 May 1975 to 29 August 1978 | Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou Félix Malloum General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel... , Head of State |
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| 29 August 1978 to 23 March 1979 | Félix Malloum N'Gakoutou Félix Malloum General Félix Malloum or Félix Malloum Ngakoutou Bey-Ndi was a Chadian politician from the south. He served as an officer in the Chadian Military and as a member of the ruling Chadian Progressive Party . He later became the Chief of Staff with the rank of colonel... , President |
Resigned | ||
| 23 March 1979 to 29 April 1979 | Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:... , Chairman of the Provisional Council of State |
FROLINAT-FAP | 1st Term | |
| 29 April 1979 to 3 September 1979 | Lol Mahamat Choua, President of the Transitional Government of National Unity | MPLT | ||
| 3 September 1979 to 10 November 1979 | Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:... , Chairman of the Provisional Administrative Committee |
FROLINAT-FAP | 2nd Term; Deposed | |
| 10 November 1979 to 7 June 1982 | Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei Goukouni Oueddei is a Chadian political figure. He was Head of State of Chad from 1979 to 1982. He is currently in exile.-Biography:... , President of the Transitional Government of National Unity |
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| 7 June 1982 to 19 June 1982 | Hissène Habré Hissène Habré Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:... , Chairman of the Command Council of the Armed Forces of the North Armed Forces of the North The Armed Forces of the North was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Composed of FROLINAT units that remained loyal to Hissène Habré following his break from Goukouni Oueddei and the CCFAN in 1976... |
FAN | ||
| 19 June 1982 to 21 October 1982 | Hissène Habré Hissène Habré Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:... , Chairman of the Council of State |
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| 21 October 1982 to 1984 | Hissène Habré Hissène Habré Hissène Habré , also spelled Hissen Habré, was the leader of Chad from 1982 until he was deposed in 1990.-Early life:... , President |
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| 1984 to 2 December 1990 | UNIR | Deposed | ||
| 2 December 1990 to 4 December 1990 | Idriss Déby Idriss Déby General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:... , President of the Patriotic Salvation Movement |
MPS | ||
| 4 December 1990 to 4 March 1991 | Idriss Déby Idriss Déby General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:... , Head of State |
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| 4 March 1991 to Present | Idriss Déby Idriss Déby General Idriss Déby Itno is the President of Chad and the head of the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Déby is of the Bidyat clan of the Zaghawa ethnic group. He added "Itno" to his surname in January 2006.-Rise to power:... , President |
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Affiliations
| ACTUS | Action Tchadienne pour l'Unité et le Socialisme | (Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism Chadian Action for Unity and Socialism is a communist political party in Chad, led by Fidèle Moungar. The party was founded in 1981.Moungar was chosen as Prime Minister in April 1993 by the Sovereign National Conference, but subsequently lost an October 1993 vote of no-confidence and resigned... ) |
| ANDR | Alliance Nationale pour la Démocratie et le Renouveau | (National Union for Democracy and Renewal National Union for Democracy and Renewal The National Union for Democracy and Renewal is a political party in Chad, led by Saleh Kebzabo.In the 1997 parliamentary election, the UNDR won 15 out of 125 seats. In the parliamentary election held on 21 April 2002, the party won five out of 155 seats.... ) |
| MPS | Mouvement Patriotique du Salut Patriotic Salvation Movement The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the April 1 Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing... |
(Patriotic Salvation Movement Patriotic Salvation Movement The Patriotic Salvation Movement is the ruling political party in Chad.After Idriss Déby, an army commander who participated in an unsuccessful plot against President Hissène Habré in 1989, fled to Sudan, he and his supporters, known as the April 1 Movement, operated from Sudan with Libyan backing... ) |
| MPLT | Mouvement Populaire pour la Libération du Tchad | (Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Chad was a small rebel group active in Chad during the civil war.... ) |
| UDR | Union pour la Démocratie et la République | (Union for Democracy and Republic Union for Democracy and Republic (Chad) The Union for Democracy and Republic is a Chadian political party founded in 1992. In March the party elected as its president Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, who had just left the position of Prime Minister. In the parliamentary election of 1997 the party took 4 seats and initially supported the president... ) |
| UNIR | Union Nationale pour l’Indépendance et Révolution | (National Union for Independence and Revolution National Union for Independence and Revolution The National Union for Independence and Revolution was the ruling party in Chad between 1984 and 1990. It was founded in June 1984 by President Hissène Habré as a successor of his Armed Forces of the North, the insurgent group through which Habré had conquered power in 1982... ) until 1984: FAN |
| VIVA | Rassemblement national pour le développement et le progrès National Rally for Development and Progress The National Rally for Development and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. It was founded in early 1992, with Koumakoye as its President.... |
(National Rally for Development and Progress National Rally for Development and Progress The National Rally for Development and Progress is a political party in Chad, led by Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye. It was founded in early 1992, with Koumakoye as its President.... ) |
| ANLC | Avant National de Libération du Chad | (Front for the National Liberation of the Chad) |
| FAN | Forces Armées du Nord | (Armed Forces of the North Armed Forces of the North The Armed Forces of the North was a Chadian rebel army active during the Chadian Civil War. Composed of FROLINAT units that remained loyal to Hissène Habré following his break from Goukouni Oueddei and the CCFAN in 1976... ) from 1984: UNIR |
| FAP | Forces Armées Populaires | (People's Armed Forces People's Armed Forces The People's Armed Forces was a Chadian insurgent group composed of followers of Goukouni Oueddei after the schism with Hissène Habré in 1976... ) |
| FROLINAT | Front de Libération Nationale du Tchad | (National Liberation Front of Chad) pro-Libyan, to 1987 |
| GIRT | Groupement des Indépendants et Ruraux Tchadiens | (Rally of Chadian Independents and Peasants) split from Union Démocratique Tchadienne |
| MNRCS | Mouvement National pour la Révolution Culturelle et Sociale | (National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution The National Movement for the Cultural and Social Revolution was a political party in Chad. It was the successor to the Chadian Progressive Party and existed from 1973 to 1975 as the country's sole legal party, under the strict control of the President Ngarta Tombalbaye... ) only legal party Jun 1973-13 April 1975, from PPT |
| PPT | Parti Progressiste Tchadienne | |(Chadian Progressive Party Chadian Progressive Party The Chadian Progressive Party was the first African political party created in Chad, active from 1947 to 1973... ) leftist, only legal party Jan 1962-Jun 1973, from 1973: MNRCS |
| RUDT | Rassemlement pour l’Unité et la Démocratie au Tchad | (Rally for Unity and Democracy in Chad) |
| Mil | Military | |
| n-p | non-partisan |