Harvey Leibenstein
Encyclopedia
Harvey Leibenstein was a Ukrainian born American
economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-efficiency.
In economics, x-efficiency is the effectiveness with which a given set of inputs are used to produce outputs. If a firm is producing the maximum output it can, given the resources it employs, such as men and machinery, and the best technology available, it is said to be technical-efficient. x-inefficiency occurs when technical-efficiency is not achieved. The concept of x-efficiency was introduced by Harvey Leibenstein in his paper Allocative efficiency v. "x-efficiency" in American Economic Review 1966.
The concept of x-efficiency is also used in the theory of bureaucracy
.
All Papers available on http://www.jstor.com
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
economist. One of his most important contributions to economics was the concept of X-efficiency.
In economics, x-efficiency is the effectiveness with which a given set of inputs are used to produce outputs. If a firm is producing the maximum output it can, given the resources it employs, such as men and machinery, and the best technology available, it is said to be technical-efficient. x-inefficiency occurs when technical-efficiency is not achieved. The concept of x-efficiency was introduced by Harvey Leibenstein in his paper Allocative efficiency v. "x-efficiency" in American Economic Review 1966.
The concept of x-efficiency is also used in the theory of bureaucracy
Bureaucracy
A bureaucracy is an organization of non-elected officials of a governmental or organization who implement the rules, laws, and functions of their institution, and are occasionally characterized by officialism and red tape.-Weberian bureaucracy:...
.
Important works
- 1950, "Bandwagon, Snob and Veblen Effects in the Theory of Consumer Demand." Quarterly Journal of Economics Vol.64 No.2 : Page 183-207
- 1966, Allocative efficiency v. "x-efficiency" in American Economic Review
- 1968, Entrepreneurship and Development. American Economic Review 58(2):72–83
- 1976, Beyond Economic Man, Cambridge: Harvard: University Press
- 1978, General X-Efficiency Theory and Economic Development, New York: Oxford University Press
- 1978, "X-Inefficiency Xists-Reply to an Xorcist," American Econ. Review, 68 (1978): 208
- 1979, "A Branch of Economics Is Missing: Micro-Micro Theory," Journal of Economic Literature, 17: 477-502
- 1979, “The General X-Efficiency Paradigm and the Role of the Entrepreneur”. in: Mario Rizzo (ed.), Time, Uncertainty, and Disequilibrium. Lexington: Heath 1979, 127-139
- 1982, “The Prisoners’s Dilemma in the Invisible Hand: An Analysis of Intrafirm Productivity.” American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings) 72, no. 2 (May): 92–7
- 1983, "Property Rights and X-Efficiency: Comment." American Economic Review 83: 831-42.
All Papers available on http://www.jstor.com