Hanpu
Encyclopedia
Hanpu later Wanyan Hanpu, was a Jurchen leader of the early tenth century. According to the ancestral story of the Wanyan
clan, Hanpu came from Goryeo
when he was sixty-years old, reformed Jurchen customary law, and then married a sixty-year-old local woman who bore him three children. His descendants eventually united Jurchen tribes into a federation and established the Jin Dynasty in 1115. In 1136 or 1137, Hanpu was retrospectively given the temple name
Jin Shizu (金始祖), or "first ancestor of Jin." Historians usually call the story of Hanpu's founding of the Wanyan clan a "legend," but agree that it indicates the existence of contacts between some Jurchen clans and the states of Goryeo and Balhae
in the tenth century.
(1021-1074), historians postulate that Hanpu lived in the early tenth century, when the Jurchens still consisted of independent tribes. Because the Jurchens had no written records at the time, the story of Hanpu was first transmitted orally. According to the History of Jin (Jinshi 金史; compiled in the 1340s), Hanpu arrived from Goryeo
at the age of sixty and settled among the Wanyan clan. To resolve an endless cycle of vendetta
s between two families, he managed to make both parties accept a new rule: from then on, the family of a killer would compensate the victim's family with a gift of horses, cattle, and money. Historian Herbert Franke
has compared this law to the old Germanic
practice of Wergeld. In recompense for putting an end to the feud, Hanpu was married to a sixty-year-old woman who then bore him one daughter and two sons. Hanpu and his descendants were then formally received into the Wanyan clan. The same story recounts that when Hanpu left Goryeo, his two brothers remained behind, one in Goryeo and one in the Balhae
area.
Herbert Franke explains that this Jurchen "ancestral legend" probably indicates that the Wanyan clan absorbed immigrants from Goryeo and Balhae sometime in the tenth century. Frederick W. Mote
, who called this account of the founding of the Wanyan clan a "tribal legend," claimed that Hanpu's two brothers (one who stayed in Goryeo and one in Bohai) might have represented "the tribe's memory of their ancestral links to these two peoples."
(1021-1074) who started to consolidate the dispersed Jurchen tribes into a federation. Wugunai's grand-son Aguda (1068-1123) defeated the Liao Dynasty
and founded the Jin dynasty in 1115. In 1136 or 1137, soon after Emperor Xizong of Jin
had been crowned, Hanpu was given the posthumous name
"Jingyuan Emperor" (景元皇帝) and the temple name
"Shizu" (始祖), or "first ancestor." In 1144 or 1145, Hanpu's burial site was named "Guangling" (光陵).
Wanyan
Wanyan was a Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the Khitan Liao Dynasty time. The Wanyan clan was founded by Hanpu, who, according to the "History of the Jin" , came from the kingdom of Goryeo at the age of sixty...
clan, Hanpu came from Goryeo
Goryeo
The Goryeo Dynasty or Koryŏ was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by Emperor Taejo. Korea gets its name from this kingdom which came to be pronounced Korea. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392...
when he was sixty-years old, reformed Jurchen customary law, and then married a sixty-year-old local woman who bore him three children. His descendants eventually united Jurchen tribes into a federation and established the Jin Dynasty in 1115. In 1136 or 1137, Hanpu was retrospectively given the temple name
Temple name
Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
Jin Shizu (金始祖), or "first ancestor of Jin." Historians usually call the story of Hanpu's founding of the Wanyan clan a "legend," but agree that it indicates the existence of contacts between some Jurchen clans and the states of Goryeo and Balhae
Balhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
in the tenth century.
Ancestor of the Wanyan clan
Because Hanpu was supposedly the sixth-generation ancestor of Wanyan WugunaiWanyan Wugunai
Wanyan Wugunai was the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe of theJurchen people in today's Northeast China and Russian Maritime Province....
(1021-1074), historians postulate that Hanpu lived in the early tenth century, when the Jurchens still consisted of independent tribes. Because the Jurchens had no written records at the time, the story of Hanpu was first transmitted orally. According to the History of Jin (Jinshi 金史; compiled in the 1340s), Hanpu arrived from Goryeo
Goryeo
The Goryeo Dynasty or Koryŏ was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by Emperor Taejo. Korea gets its name from this kingdom which came to be pronounced Korea. It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean peninsula until it was removed by the Joseon dynasty in 1392...
at the age of sixty and settled among the Wanyan clan. To resolve an endless cycle of vendetta
Vendetta
Vendetta may refer to:*Feud, a long-running argument or fight between parties-Film and television:* Vendetta, a 1919 German film featuring Harry Liedtke* Vendetta , an American drama produced by Howard Hughes...
s between two families, he managed to make both parties accept a new rule: from then on, the family of a killer would compensate the victim's family with a gift of horses, cattle, and money. Historian Herbert Franke
Herbert Franke
This is an article about a German sinologist. For the science fiction writer, see Herbert W. FrankeHerbert Franke was a German historian of China...
has compared this law to the old Germanic
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin, identified by their use of the Indo-European Germanic languages which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.Originating about 1800 BCE from the Corded Ware Culture on the North...
practice of Wergeld. In recompense for putting an end to the feud, Hanpu was married to a sixty-year-old woman who then bore him one daughter and two sons. Hanpu and his descendants were then formally received into the Wanyan clan. The same story recounts that when Hanpu left Goryeo, his two brothers remained behind, one in Goryeo and one in the Balhae
Balhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
area.
Herbert Franke explains that this Jurchen "ancestral legend" probably indicates that the Wanyan clan absorbed immigrants from Goryeo and Balhae sometime in the tenth century. Frederick W. Mote
Frederick W. Mote
Fredrick W. Mote was an American Sinologist and a professor of History at Princeton University for nearly 50 years. His research and teaching interests focused on China during the Ming Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty...
, who called this account of the founding of the Wanyan clan a "tribal legend," claimed that Hanpu's two brothers (one who stayed in Goryeo and one in Bohai) might have represented "the tribe's memory of their ancestral links to these two peoples."
Legacy
The Wanyan clan rose to prominence among the Jurchens after 1000 CE. It was Hanpu's sixth-generation descendant Wanyan WugunaiWanyan Wugunai
Wanyan Wugunai was the chieftain of the Wanyan tribe of theJurchen people in today's Northeast China and Russian Maritime Province....
(1021-1074) who started to consolidate the dispersed Jurchen tribes into a federation. Wugunai's grand-son Aguda (1068-1123) defeated the Liao Dynasty
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
and founded the Jin dynasty in 1115. In 1136 or 1137, soon after Emperor Xizong of Jin
Emperor Xizong of Jin
Emperor Xizong of Jin reigned from February 10, 1135 to January 9, 1150 as an emperor of the Jin Dynasty which controlled northern China from 1115 to 1234. His birth name was Wányán Hélá . His Han Chinese name was Wányán Dǎn .Wanyan Dan was the first son of the founder of the Jin Dynasty Wanyan...
had been crowned, Hanpu was given the posthumous name
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...
"Jingyuan Emperor" (景元皇帝) and the temple name
Temple name
Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
"Shizu" (始祖), or "first ancestor." In 1144 or 1145, Hanpu's burial site was named "Guangling" (光陵).
Wife and children
- Empress Mingyi 明懿
- Wanyan WuluWanyan WuluWanyan Wulu was the eldest son of Wanyan Hanpo.When Emperor Xizong of Jin was crowned on 1135, Wanyan Wulu was given posthumous name "Emperor De" . On 1144, Wanyan Wulu's buried site was named as "Xiling" .-Family members:...
烏魯 (eldest son and successor) - Wanyan Wolu 斡魯 (son)
- Wanyan Zhusiban 注思板 (daughter)
- Wanyan Wulu