Haitian National Police - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

The Haitian National Police or PNd'H, is the law enforcement and defense force of Haiti

Haiti

Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...

. It was created in 1995 to bring public security under civilian control

Civilian control of the military

Civilian control of the military is a doctrine in military and political science that places ultimate responsibility for a country's strategic decision-making in the hands of the civilian political leadership, rather than professional military officers. One author, paraphrasing Samuel P...

as mandated in Haiti's constitution. More than 8,500 police officers have completed training in modern law enforcement. U.S. instructors along with instructors from Canada, Brazil, Argentina and France have contributed to the training. Specialized training in such areas as crowd control, operation of firearms, and VIP protection has been provided by ICITAP ( a unit of the Criminal Division, US Department of Justice), whose experts have also worked closely with the Haitian Government in meeting the material needs of the new force; ICITAP completed its mission and withdrew in September 2000. The police force has divided itself into many divisions to tackle the many problems facing the country. Many of these divisions are specialised to address particular chronic crimes that affect the nation including kidnapping, drugs, and gangs. The force also has a Coast Guard

Haitian Coast Guard

The Haitian Coast Guard, officially the Coast Guard Commission , is an operational unit of the Haitian National Police. It is one of the few law enforcement organisations in the world to combine water policing and coast guard duties while remaining as a policing unit...

, and paramilitary

Paramilitary

A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....

units. The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti is implementing a series of plans to increase the size of the police force to 14,000 by 2012.

Mission

The National Police of Haiti provides with the support of MINUSTAH, the public safety, the Judicial Police and law enforcement throughout the territory of the Republic of Haiti.

Strength

A civilian police force which employs since its creation (1995) 8,500 sworn police officers and the UN hopes to increase those numbers to 12,000 in 2012.

History

Under Duvalier, the Haitian police was part of the Haitian Army and had 14,000 members organized into the Port Au Prince Police and the Rural Security Companies. Since 1987, successive governments attempted to reform it as stated by the constitution it was created to maintain peace, enforce law and order in accordance with the rule of law, to protect its citizens and to arrest those that violate the law. However the police, being plagued by militarism, factionalism, and corruption, is mainly viewed by citizens as being repressive.

The 1987 Constitution proposed the establishment of a separate police corps and a new police academy under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Justice. Political developments in Haiti since 1987, however, have precluded implementation of these changes. Nevertheless, the mission of the police corps was almost indistinguishable from the mission spelled out for the FAd'H

Armed Forces of Haiti

The Armed Forces of Haiti, , consisted of the Haitian Army, Haitian Navy , Haitian Coast Guard, the Haitian Air Force, and some police forces . The Army was always the dominant service with the others serving primarily in a support role...

. The characterization of the police as a corps armée (armed corps) reinforced this similarity in missions.

The only identifiable police force in Haiti operated in Port-au-Prince as part of the armed forces. This 1,000-member force had few operational or technical capabilities, even though it was responsible for narcotics and immigration control and criminal investigations. In the late 1980s, the Narcotics Bureau, commanded by an army major, had acquired some visibility and resources of its own, with a reported staff of about twenty-five people.

There was no true rural police. Small garrisons, operating under military department command, with some cooperation from the lowest central government administrative head, section chief (chef de section), were responsible for rural security. In effect, the heads of these 562 rural communal sections (sections rurales communales) functioned as police chiefs, as adjuncts of the nation's military infrastructure. This fusion of civil and military administration continued to be possible because of the broad range of responsibilities assigned to the Ministry of Interior and National Defense.

After 1986 the armed forces failed to reestablish a nationwide police force and to subdue the MVSN

MVSN

MVSN can refer to:* The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale of the Italian Fascist movement.* The Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale better known as the Tonton Macoutes....

and other vigilante groups. Some observers have argued that links between the senior army command and remnants of the MVSN

MVSN

MVSN can refer to:* The Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale of the Italian Fascist movement.* The Milice de Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale better known as the Tonton Macoutes....

have paralyzed reforms in Haiti's judicial system. An illustration of their point was the reported incorporation of some MVSN personnel into FAd'H units and some members of the VSN, as plainclothes paramilitary agents, in the Dessalines Battalion. Other MVSN members found their way into cadres of the Port-au-Prince police force, particularly in the Criminal Investigation Unit (Recheraches Criminelles--renamed in 1988 the Anti-Gang Investigations Bureau), which was traditionally based at the Dessalines barracks. The demise of the Dessalines Battalion and the Leopards, the latter of which had served as Haiti's special weapons and tactics unit, raised questions in the spring of 1989 about the future of a national police force.

The Avril government reported some success in cracking down on abuses within the security services, but violence continued to be a serious problem. Insecurity rose dramatically after 1986 with the formation of ad hoc paramilitary groups that had direct links to the VSN and indirect links to the military. Many of these paramilitary groups engaged in banditry with no political motivation. The security situation in rural regions and at the section chief level remained unclear in 1989.

The human-rights record of post-Duvalier governments was generally negative. A major problem was the inability, or the unwillingness, of the FAd'H to contain domestic political violence. Government and military personnel apparently sanctioned and participated in attacks on politicians and other activists, particularly during the second Namphy government. The Avril government boasted an improved record in this area, but as of mid-1989, it had proved incapable of restoring order.

Haitian military and police often brutally interrogated detainees. Rural section chiefs, who wielded considerable power within their limited jurisdictions, arbitrarily harassed and physically abused citizens, according to some reports. In an effort to address this problem, Avril dismissed a number of section chiefs, and issued a decree in December 1988 that ended appointments of section chiefs and proposed putting the posts up for election (see Urban Dominance, Rural Stagnation , ch. 9).

Harsh conditions prevailed in the prison system. Hygiene, food, and health care were inadequate, and prison staff regularly mistreated inmates. The Avril government closed two facilities closely associated with the repression of the Duvalier regimes-- Fort Dimanche and the detention center of the Criminal Investigation Unit, both in Port-au-Prince--because of the abuses that had commonly taken place there.

Political turmoil between 1986 and 1989 resulted in popular justice and mob violence. The international media reported on some of this violence and featured scenes of burning or dismembered bodies. Continued human-rights violations are likely to attract international criticism during the 1990s. Lasting improvements in internal security, however, appeared unlikely without the establishment of functional civilian institutions and some resolution of the status of the former members of the tonton makouts.

In 1995, Haiti disbanded its military, which formerly provided police services in rural areas and operated the Port au Prince Police.

During President Aristide’s second term (2000−4) political appointees took over many key positions in the PNH. In many instances, these appointees lacked security experience and compromised the political neutrality of the force. After Aristide fled the country, the interim president removed 200 corrupt and inexperienced officers in an effort to improve the PNH’s effectiveness. New training ensued to teach police officers how to balance security and human rights concerns. However, numerous problems limit the PNH’s effectiveness and reliability. Former military personnel exert considerable influence within the police force, and some have begun to push for the reestablishment of the Haitian army.

Since its inception, the PNH has suffered from mismanagement, corruption, and a lack of funding. MINUSTAH has helped make up for the shortfalls of the PNH since it arrived in Haiti in 2004. Many security operations have been undertaken jointly by the PNH and MINUSTAH. Nevertheless, rampant crime and gang violence continue to be the most immediate problem facing Haitian authorities.

General Organization

The HNP is currently headed by the Commissaire Divisionnaires (chief of police

Chief of police

A Chief of Police is the title typically given to the top official in the chain of command of a police department, particularly in North America. Alternate titles for this position include Commissioner, Superintendent, and Chief constable...

) Mario Andresol appointed by the president to a four year term.

Although officially part of the police force, the Presidential Security Unit operates with its own budget and administration.

National Organization

The National organization of the HNP is as follows:

Direction Générale de la Police Nationale d’Haiti or DGPNH (General Directorate of the National Police of Haiti)

Inspection Générale de la Police Nationale d’Haiti or IGPNH (Inspector General of the National Police of Haiti)

Direction des Renseignements Généraux or DRG (Direction of the General Information)

Cabinet Du directeur Général de la Police Nationale d’Haiti - CAB ( Cabinet of the Director General of the National Police of Haiti)

Direction du Développement Ou Commissariat au Plan or DDCP (Direction of the Development or Planning Commission)

General and Administrative Services

Direction Centrale de l’Administration et des Services Généraux or DCASG (Central Directorate of the Administration and General Services) is responsible for human resources, the finances, and logistics needs of the National Police of Hait It includes the following components:

La Direction des Finances et de la Comptabilité (DFC) - The Directorate of Finance and Accounting
La Direction du Personnel (DP) - The Directorate of Personnel
La Direction de la Logistique (DL) - The Directorate of Logistics
La Direction des Ecoles et de la Formation Permanente (DEFP) - The Directorate of Schools and Continuing Education
L'Administration Pénitentiaire Nationale (APENA) The National Penitentiary Administration

Administrative Police

Direction Centrale de la Police Administratrive or DCPA (Central Directorate of the Administrative Police force) Under Article 28 of the Act establishing and organizing the National Police, the Central Directorate of Administrative Police (DCPA) is the body responsible for designing and implementing measures to safeguard the peace, tranquility and good public order. Administrative Police objectives are: to observe laws and regulations, prevent the commission of crimes and offenses against the established order, maintain order and restore where appropriate, the DCPA is thus to design and make implement measures to:

1. Ensure public safety, protecting people, property and state institutions.

2. Ensure the safeguarding of peace, tranquility and good public order throughout the national territory.

3. Ensure law enforcement and in rehabilitation where appropriate.

4. Channel, coordinate and supervise the operation mode of decentralized territorial commissions across the country.

5. Provide ongoing and in coordination with other relevant departments needs reinforcement in certain districts of the country's sociopolitical life.

6. maintain a national registry of detention and request authorization to carry firearms.

Administrative Police directorates:

La Direction de la Circulation et de la Police Routière (DCPR) - The Traffic and the Highway Police Directorate
La Direction de la Protection Civile et des Secours (DPCS) - The Civil Defense and Rescue Directorate
La Direction de la Sécurité Publique et du Maintien de l’Ordre (DSPMO)- The Public Security and Maintenance of Order Directorate
La Direction des Services Territoriaux (DST) - Territorial Services Directorate
La Direction de la Police de Mer, de l’Air, des Frontières, de la migration et des Forêts.(DPM-A-Ff-Mi-Fo) The Water, AIr, and Frontier Police Directorate

Administrative police special units are:

1. Le Corps d'Intervention et de Maintien de l'Ordre (CIMO) - Intervention and Maintenance of Order Corps (Riot Police)

2. Le Groupe d'Intervention de la Police Nationale d'Haïti (GIPNH) - National Police Intervention Group, the national SWAT

SWAT

A SWAT team is an elite tactical unit in various national law enforcement departments. They are trained to perform high-risk operations that fall outside of the abilities of regular officers...

team.

3. L'Unité de Sécurité Générale du Palais National (USGPN) - The General Security Unit of the National Palace (USGPN)

4. Le Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers et de Police-Sécours (CSP-PS)- The Fire Brigade and Emergency Police

5. L'Unité de Sécurité de la Direction Générale (USDG) - The Security Unit of the Directorate General (USDG)

6. L'Unité de la Sécurité du Conseil Electoral Provisoire - The Security Unit of Provisional Electoral Counsel

7. L'Unité de la Sécurité Judiciaire (USJ)- Unit of the Judicial Security

8. L'Unité de Sécurité Diplomatique (USD) - The Diplomatic Security Unit

9. Le Commissariat de l'Aéroport (CA) - The Airport Commission

10. Le Commissariat de Malpasse (CM) - The Commissioner of Malpasse

11. Le Commissariat des Gardes-Côtes (CGC) - The Commission for the Coast Guard

Haitian Coast Guard

12. Le Service de permis de port d'armes à feu (SPPAF) - The Permits to Carry Firearms Service

13. L'Unité de Sécurité de l'INARA, chargée de sécuriser le programme de la réforme agraire - INARA Unit Security responsible for securing the of Land Reform Program

14. L'Unité de Sécurité et de Garde Présidentielle (USP), chargée de la protection du Chef de l'Etat - The Security Unit and Presidential Guard (USP), responsible for the protection of the President of Haiti

President of Haiti

The President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...

15. Le Service National de Lutte Contre Incendie (SNI), chargé de combattre les incendies - The National Service to Control Against Fire (NIS), responsible for fighting fires

16. La Police de l'air, chargée de surveiller les frontières aériennes; (PA) - Police to patrol air, to monitor air borders;

Judicial Police

Direction Centrale de la Police Judiciaire or DCPJ (Central Directorate of the Judicial police) is the Detective service of the Haitian Police. It has six (6) offices in thirty sections or services, and two hundred sixty nine staff. It is located Clercine, an extension of the terminal Guy Malary

Guy Malary

Guy Malary was a Justice Minister of Haiti, appointed by Jean-Bertrand Aristide in 1991 and continuing in office under the post-1991 Haitian coup d'état regime. He was killed in an ambush along with his bodyguards. "According to the petitioners [to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights], in...

, and is housed in a thousand square meter building. All DCPJ units are housed together since September 2005, with the exception of Police Science and Technology Center. Previously the DCPJ shared the room with the Departmental Direction of the West is moved over two years towards the city center.

The Central Directorate of Judicial Police's mission is to find the perpetrators of crimes, gather evidence and clues in order to bring them in front their natural judge within the time fixed by law. It fulfills its role primarily in the field of serious organized crime. It is also responsible for combating transnational crime in cooperation with Interpol.

Furthermore, the diverse nature of crimes and criminals easy to change their method and procedure necessary to impose the DCPJ duty to dispose of bodies specialized in the fight against organized crime to carry out its mission.

The Police Judiciaire includes the following services:

Le Bureau des Affaires Criminelles (BAC) - The Criminal Affairs Bureau
La Brigade de Recherche et d’Intervention (BRI) - The Research and Intervention Brigade
Le Bureau de Renseignements Judiciaires (BRJ) - The Judicial Information Bureau
La Brigade de Protection des Mineurs (BPM) - The Protection of Minors Brigade
La Brigade de Lutte contre le Trafic de Stupéfiants (BLTS) - The Controlling of Narcotics Trafficking Brigade
Le Bureau de la Police Scientifique et Technique (BPST) - The Police Scientific and Technical Bureau
Le Bureau des Affaires Financières et Economiques (BAFE) - The Financial and Economic Affairs Braigade
La Cellule Contre Enlèvement (CCE) - Anti-Kidnapping Cell

Regional Organization

These are the Police forces for the Departments of Haiti

Departments of Haiti

The Communes of Haiti are the third-level divisions of Haiti. The 10 departments have 42 arrondissements which are divided into 140 communes.-Artibonite Department:*Dessalines Arrondissement**Desdunes**Dessalines**Grande Saline...

. The departments are further divided into 41 arrondissement offices, and 133 communal offices.

Direction Département de L’Ouest or DDO(Direction Department of the West)

Direction Département de L’Artibonite or DDA (Direction Department of Artibonite)

Direction Département du Nord-Est or DDNE (Direction Department of the North-East)

Direction Département du Nord or DDN (Direction Department of North)

Direction Département du Sud Est or DDSE(Direction Department of the South East)

Direction Département du Nord-Ouest or DDNO(Direction Department of the North-West)

Direction Département du Centre or DDC(Direction Department of the Center)

Direction Département de La Grande-Anse or DDGA(Direction Department of the Large-Handle)

Direction Département du SUD or DDS (Direction Department of the South)

Direction Département des Nippes or DDnippes (Direction Department of Nippes)

Paramilitary units

The Haitian National Police maintains several paramilitary

Paramilitary

A paramilitary is a force whose function and organization are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not considered part of a state's formal armed forces....

units for defense of the state.

Coast Guard

The Haitian National Police has a Coast Guard. It currently has twelve vedette

Vedette

The French military term vedette , also spelled vidette, migrated into English and other languages to refer to a mounted sentry or outpost, who has the function of bringing information, giving signals or warnings of danger, etc., to a main body of troops...

s and seven Go-fast

Go-fast boat

A go-fast boat, or cigarette boat, is a small, fast boat designed with a long narrow platform and a planing hull to enable it to reach high speeds....

patrol boat

Patrol boat

A patrol boat is a relatively small naval vessel generally designed for coastal defense duties.There have been many designs for patrol boats. They may be operated by a nation's navy, coast guard, or police force, and may be intended for marine and/or estuarine or river environments...

s. Its main functions are law enforcement and surveillance of Haitian waters.

Recruitment

The creation, training and deployment of the first contingents of the HNP, as a new police force separate from the Haitian Army, had raised difficult issues for decisions on the integration of former military officers experienced in Police Affairs in the ranks of the new National Police of Haiti, since it was important not to import the abusive practices that have made the reputation of some former members of the Armed Forces of Haiti

Armed Forces of Haiti

. In addition, attention to executive reward Haitien militancy of its supporters by awarding positions in public administration, including the HNP, had greatly influenced the recruitment of new officers Haitians. Finally, the personal allegiance required of new graduates of the academy and the police academy, by the Head of State made it difficult training and effective monitoring of the members of our police force. This resulted in a staff officer whose training and ethics are inadequate, and that a significant fraction is related to human rights abuses, drug trafficking, illicit enrichment, and most vicious crimes, including the latest fashion is to say the kidnapping of peaceful and honest citizens, as well as their wives and their children.

In recruiting members, including the transfer or promotion of any member to a new assignment, the HNP will:

Using the constitutional provisions, laws of the Republic and its internal rules to reject any interference from political authorities in the efficient functioning of the police institution, especially as regards the management of its human resources;
Using modern means of communication, including media, to inform the population, in the most comprehensive and transparent on its recruitment goals and general employment opportunities, in order to equalize the chances of participation of any individual qualified;
Strengthen the process of selection of all candidates for a career in the police institution, both pre-requisite personnel, supporting documentation required, as written examinations, medical, physical and psychological, including a further verification of the personal history of candidates, particularly in relation to their performance in previous jobs, general crime, abuse of human rights and domestic violence;
Apply a uniform and consistent testing, standards and regulations relating to recruitment;
Train managers and other employees of the institution to an efficient, impartial and professional staff recruitment;
Seek foreign assistance, as needed, to strengthen the management capacity of the recruitment process, particularly as related to verification of the candidate's personal history, skills and psychological profile of candidates.

Weapons

IMI Galil
IMI Galil
The Galil is a family of Israeli small arms designed by Yisrael Galil and Yaacov Lior in the late 1960s and produced by Israel Military Industries Ltd of Ramat HaSharon...
R4 assault rifle
R4 assault rifle
The R4 is a 5.56mm assault rifle that was introduced into service with the South African Defence Force in 1982, replacing the earlier 7.62mm FN FAL rifle, that was manufactured in South Africa under a license agreement from Fabrique Nationale as the R1...
M16 rifle
M16 rifle
The M16 is the United States military designation for the AR-15 rifle adapted for both semi-automatic and full-automatic fire. Colt purchased the rights to the AR-15 from ArmaLite, and currently uses that designation only for semi-automatic versions of the rifle. The M16 fires the 5.56×45mm NATO...
Heckler & Koch G3
Heckler & Koch G3
The G3 is a 7.62mm battle rifle developed in the 1950s by the German armament manufacturer Heckler & Koch GmbH in collaboration with the Spanish state-owned design and development agency CETME ....
FN MAG
FN MAG
The FN MAG is a Belgian 7.62 mm general-purpose machine gun, designed in the early 1950s at Fabrique Nationale by Ernest Vervier. It has been used by more than 80 countries, and it has been made under licence in countries such as Argentina, Egypt, India, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the...
M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle
T65 assault rifle
M1911 pistol
M1919 Browning machine gun
M1919 Browning machine gun
The M1919 Browning is a .30 caliber medium machine gun that was widely used during the 20th century. It was used as a light infantry, coaxial, mounted, aircraft, and anti-aircraft machine gun by the U.S. and many other countries, especially during World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War...
Uzi
M60 machine gun
M60 machine gun
The M60 is a family of American general-purpose machine guns firing 7.62×51mm NATO cartridges from a disintegrating belt of M13 links...

Haitian Police Academy

At the Police Academy, it is important to modernize the curriculum and management training programs, and to strengthen the capacity of Haitian management. In Haiti, the pressing need for police personnel had helped train more than 5,000 police officers in six months as part of a training program administered mainly by international donors. The Haitian Police Academy is under the control of the Police Nationale d'Haiti, which appoints the director with the approval of the Supreme Council of the National Police (CSPN). Formed in 1994, the Academy hosted its first director in May 1995, and was to transfer responsibility for the training of national police from 1998 under the supervision of instructors Haitians instead of foreign instructors ICITAP. In 2006, the presence of a large contingent of foreign police within the mission of the MINUTAH and UN civilian police, is an opportunity for capacity building Haitian, development of curriculum, the 'teaching and administration of the National Police Academy. The specific objectives of reform include:

Strengthening the basic training curriculum to a standard equivalent to the best standards and practices;
Increased international cooperation in matters of curriculum development for basic training, and teaching practice;
The overhaul of the structure and administrative practices of the National Academy of Police, to parity with international institutions like best.

External links

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