HLA-A31
Encyclopedia
There is substantive false reaction of A30 with A*3101, otherwise serological identification is good.
Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).
Distribution
Haplotypes
| freq | ||
| ref. | Population | (%) |
| A31-B35(A*310102:Cw*0401:B*3501) | ||
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 4.1 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 3.7 | |
| Mestizo (Guad. Mexico) | 1.5 | |
| Tibetan | 1.1 | |
| Jews (England) | 1.3 | |
| Tibetan | 1.1 | |
| Italian | 0.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.5 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| A31-B39(A*310102:Cw*0701:B*3901) | ||
| Mixtec (Oax. Mexico) | 10.0 | |
| Lakota Souix (USA) | 1.6 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| German | 0.1 | |
| A31-B48(A*310102:B*4801) | ||
| Orochon (Russia) | 6.0 | |
| Maya (Guatemala) | 3.5 | |
| Buriat | 3.4 | |
| Japanese | 0.3 | |
| A31-B51(A*310102:B*5101) | ||
| Ainu (Hokkaido Japan) | 8.9 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 5.8 | |
| Orochon (Russia) | 5.3 | |
| Indig American (USA) | 4.3 | |
| Tibetan | 3.3 | |
| Inner Mongolian | 3.0 | |
| Japanese | 3.0 | |
| Portuguese | 1.6 | |
| Korean | 1.2 | |
| Italian | 0.9 | |
| French | 0.5 | |
| German | 0.3 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
| (A*310102:B*5102) | ||
| Tarahumura (Mexico) | 5.7 | |
| Vietnamese | 1.0 | |
| A31-B60(A*310102:Cw*0304:B*4001) | ||
| Lusaka (Zambia) | 2.3 | |
| Yakuts (Russia) | 2.0 | |
| Irish | 0.7 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.7 | |
| Japan | 0.6 | |
| Dutch | 0.6 | |
| German | 0.4 | |
| A31-B62 (A*310102:B*1501) |
||
| Nivkhi (Sakalin, Russia) | 12.5 | |
| Yakut(Russia) | 5.5 | |
| Indig. Brazil | 4.1 | |
| Manchu | 1.1 | |
| Japan | 0.4 | |
| German | 0.2 | |
| Choushan (China) | 0.2 | |
Examination of A31 haplotypes reveals a probable connection across northern Eurasia during the prehistoric period. Frequencies of the more 'tale-tell' haplotypes (A31-B60, B61, and B62) fall from NE to SW Europe. Other haplotypes appears to have spread from the Middle East (A31-B51 and A31-B35).