Groupe du musée de l'Homme
Encyclopedia
The Groupe du musée de l'Homme (French
: group of the museum of man) was a movement in the French resistance
to the Nazi occupation during the Second World War
.
In 1940 after the Appeal of 18 June of General Charles de Gaulle
, a resistance group was created by intellectual
s and academic led by Anatole Lewitsky
and Boris Vildé
along with Paul Hauet. They were joined by other groups in September. Raymond Burgard
, René Iché
, Claude Aveline
, Marcel Abraham, Jean Cassou
(who launched the newspaper Résistance), René-Yves Creston
, Germaine Tillion
and her mother Émilie Tillion were also part of the network.
To avoid their meetings attracting the attention of the Germans and the French police, they set up a "literary society", Les amis d'Alain-Fournier (Friends of Alain-Fournier
).
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
: group of the museum of man) was a movement in the French resistance
French Resistance
The French Resistance is the name used to denote the collection of French resistance movements that fought against the Nazi German occupation of France and against the collaborationist Vichy régime during World War II...
to the Nazi occupation during the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
In 1940 after the Appeal of 18 June of General Charles de Gaulle
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II. He later founded the French Fifth Republic in 1958 and served as its first President from 1959 to 1969....
, a resistance group was created by intellectual
Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who uses intelligence and critical or analytical reasoning in either a professional or a personal capacity.- Terminology and endeavours :"Intellectual" can denote four types of persons:...
s and academic led by Anatole Lewitsky
Anatole Lewitsky
Anatole Lewitsky was a French anthropologist and member of the French Resistance in World War II. He was head of the European-Asiatic department at the Musée de l'Homme, and a world authority on Siberian shamanism....
and Boris Vildé
Boris Vildé
Boris Vildé was a linguist and ethnographer at the Musée de l'Homme, in Paris, France. He specialised in polar civilizations. He was born in St. Petersburg into a family of Eastern orthodox Russians. His family moved to Tartu, Estonia in 1919...
along with Paul Hauet. They were joined by other groups in September. Raymond Burgard
Raymond Burgard
Raymond Burgard was a French Resistance worker.-Life:Alsacian in origin, he aggregated in grammar in 1928. In September 1937, he was made literature professor at lycée Buffon in Paris...
, René Iché
René Iché
For the town in Morocco see Iche, MoroccoRené Iché was a 20th century French sculptor.-Life and work:...
, Claude Aveline
Claude Aveline
Claude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine , was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career...
, Marcel Abraham, Jean Cassou
Jean Cassou
Jean Cassou was a French writer, art critic, poet and member of the French Resistance during World War II.- Biography :Jean Cassou was born at Deusto, near Bilbao,...
(who launched the newspaper Résistance), René-Yves Creston
René-Yves Creston
René-Yves Creston , born René Pierre Joseph Creston, was a Breton artist, designer and ethnographer who founded the Breton nationalist art movement Seiz Breur...
, Germaine Tillion
Germaine Tillion
Germaine Tillion born in Allègre in Haute-Loire on May 30, 1907 – April 18, 2008) was a French anthropologist, best known for her work in Algeria in the 1950s on behalf of the French government.- Anthropology of the Chaoui :...
and her mother Émilie Tillion were also part of the network.
To avoid their meetings attracting the attention of the Germans and the French police, they set up a "literary society", Les amis d'Alain-Fournier (Friends of Alain-Fournier
Alain-Fournier
Alain-Fournier was the pseudonym of Henri Alban-Fournier , a French author and soldier. He was the author of a single novel, Le Grand Meaulnes , which has been twice filmed and is considered a classic of French literature.-Biography:Alain-Fournier was born in La Chapelle-d'Angillon, in the Cher...
).
Members of the group
- Marcel Abraham
- Jules Andrieu, shot in February 1942.
- Claude AvelineClaude AvelineClaude Aveline, pen name of Evgen Avtsine , was a writer, publisher, editor, poet and member of the French Resistance. Aveline, who was born in Paris, France, has authored numerous books and writings throughout his writing career...
- Pierre BrossolettePierre BrossolettePierre Brossolette was a French journalist, left-wing politician, a top leader and major hero of French Resistance.-Education and journalism:...
, died in detention in 1944 - Raymond BurgardRaymond BurgardRaymond Burgard was a French Resistance worker.-Life:Alsacian in origin, he aggregated in grammar in 1928. In September 1937, he was made literature professor at lycée Buffon in Paris...
, beheaded in 1944 - Jean CassouJean CassouJean Cassou was a French writer, art critic, poet and member of the French Resistance during World War II.- Biography :Jean Cassou was born at Deusto, near Bilbao,...
, launched the newspaper Résistance - René-Yves CrestonRené-Yves CrestonRené-Yves Creston , born René Pierre Joseph Creston, was a Breton artist, designer and ethnographer who founded the Breton nationalist art movement Seiz Breur...
, ethnologist and BretonBreton peopleThe Bretons are an ethnic group located in the region of Brittany in France. They trace much of their heritage to groups of Brythonic speakers who emigrated from southwestern Great Britain in waves from the 3rd to 6th century into the Armorican peninsula, subsequently named Brittany after them.The...
nationalist - Colonel Paul Hauet, co-founder of the network, died during deportation
- Agnès HumbertAgnès HumbertAgnès Humbert was an art historian, ethnographer and a member of the French Resistance during World War II.- Early life :...
, deported - René IchéRené IchéFor the town in Morocco see Iche, MoroccoRené Iché was a 20th century French sculptor.-Life and work:...
- Georges Ithier, shot in February 1942.
- Jean Jaudel (1910-2006)
- Colonel de La Rochère
- Michel LeirisMichel LeirisJulien Michel Leiris was a French surrealist writer and ethnographer.-Biography:...
- Anatole LewitskyAnatole LewitskyAnatole Lewitsky was a French anthropologist and member of the French Resistance in World War II. He was head of the European-Asiatic department at the Musée de l'Homme, and a world authority on Siberian shamanism....
, shot in February 1942, adjunct to Vildé - Léon Maurice Nordmann, shot in February 1942
- Yvonne OddonYvonne OddonYvonne Oddon was one of the leaders in the reformation of French libraries, and a member of the French Resistance in World War II.- Biography :Yvonne Oddon was born in Gap, Hautes-Alpes to a Protestant family...
- Paul RivetPaul RivetPaul Rivet was a French ethnologist, who founded the Musée de l'Homme in 1937. He was also one of the founders of the Comité de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes, an antifascist organization created in the wake of the February 6, 1934 far right riots.Rivet proposed a theory according to...
- René Sénéchal, shot in February 1942
- Emilie Tillion, died while being deported to Ravensbrück in 1945
- Germaine TillionGermaine TillionGermaine Tillion born in Allègre in Haute-Loire on May 30, 1907 – April 18, 2008) was a French anthropologist, best known for her work in Algeria in the 1950s on behalf of the French government.- Anthropology of the Chaoui :...
, head of the adjunct network around Hauet with the rank of commandant from 1941 to 1942, deported to Ravensbrück - Boris VildéBoris VildéBoris Vildé was a linguist and ethnographer at the Musée de l'Homme, in Paris, France. He specialised in polar civilizations. He was born in St. Petersburg into a family of Eastern orthodox Russians. His family moved to Tartu, Estonia in 1919...
, co-founder and leader of the network, shot in February 1942 - Pierre Walter, shot in February 1942
- Therese de liniers
- Jean Blanzat