Government Agents vs Phantom Legion
Encyclopedia
Government Agents vs Phantom Legion (1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

) is a 12-chapter American black-and-white
Black-and-white
Black-and-white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, is a term referring to a number of monochrome forms in visual arts.Black-and-white as a description is also something of a misnomer, for in addition to black and white, most of these media included varying shades of gray...

 film serial produced and distributed by Republic Pictures Corporation
Republic Pictures
Republic Pictures was an independent film production-distribution corporation with studio facilities, operating from 1934 through 1959, and was best known for specializing in westerns, movie serials and B films emphasizing mystery and action....

 in 1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

. It is an original, studio-commissioned screenplay by Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson was an American screenwriter. He was born in Arizona and died in San Diego, California.Ronald Davidson started his career as a short story writer and in 1943 was appointed as story editor for Republic Studios movie serials and some feature films...

, produced by Franklin Adreon
Franklin Adreon
Franklin "Pete" Adreon was an American film and television director, producer, screenwriter, and actor.-Early life and career:...

 and directed by Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon was an American film director of the 1940s and 1950s.He directed over 40 films between 1945 and his death.His first film The Purple Monster Strikes in 1945 was co-directed with Spencer Gordon Bennett....

, and presents a combined international intrigue-action
Action genre
The word action has more than one meaning in fiction. Action is one of the fiction-writing modes authors use to present fiction. The term is also used to describe an exiting event or circumstance.-Action as a fiction-writing mode:...

 genres story involving interstate shipments of products critical to national security being hijacked by a gang of foreign agents.

Plot

Two US government agents, Hal Duncan and Sam Bradley, must prevent agents of a foreign power, led by Regan and Cady, from hijacking trucks and stealing defence materials being transported by truck. They are hired by an interstate trucking
association whose constituent truck lines have been principal targets of the hijacking, and it becomes evident that one of the four directors of the association - Armstrong, Crandall, Thompson or Willard - is the secret leader of this gang and provides them with
shipment and route information necessary for the gang's successes.

Cast

  • Walter Reed
    Walter Reed (actor)
    Walter Reed was an American stage, film and television actor. He was born in Fort Ward, Washington. Following a stint as a Broadway actor, Reed broke into films in 1941...

     as Hal Duncan
  • Mary Ellen Kay as Kay Roberts
  • Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     as Regan
  • Fred Coby as Cady
  • John Pickard
    John Pickard
    John Pickard may refer to:* John Pickard , Canadian businessman and politician* John Pickard , British composer of classical music* John Pickard , British actor...

     as Sam Bradley
  • Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

     as Armstrong
  • Arthur Space
    Arthur Space
    Charles Arthur Space was an American film, television and stage actor. He was best known as Doc Weaver in the long running television series, Lassie.-Career:...

     as Crandall
  • Mauritz Hugo as Thompson
  • George Meeker
    George Meeker
    George Meeker was an American character movie and Broadway actor who became more of a legend off-camera than on. Meeker made several movies such as Crime Inc. , and Thief in the Dark and played an uncredited part in All Through the Night .Meeker has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.-External...

     as Willard

Production

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legion was budgeted at $153,083 although the final negative cost
Negative cost
Negative cost is the cost of actually producing and shooting a film. It does not include such costs as distribution and promotion.Low-budget movies, for example The Blair Witch Project, can have promotional expenses that are much larger than the negative cost.The term comes from the costs up to the...

 was $153,612 (a $529, or 0.3%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic serial of 1951.

It was filmed between 1 May and 23 May 1951 under the working title
Working title
A working title, sometimes called a production title, is the temporary name of a product or project used during its development, usually used in filmmaking, television production, novel, video game, or music album.-Purpose:...

 Government Agents vs. Underground Legion. The serial's production number was 1931.

Special Effects

All special effects in Government Agents vs Phantom Legion were produced by Republic's in-house team, the Lydecker brothers
Lydecker brothers
-Partial filmography:*Darkest Africa *Women in War - Oscar nominated*Adventures of Captain Marvel *Flying Tigers - Oscar nominated*Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe...

.

Stunts

  • Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Harris Van Sickel was an American college football, basketball and baseball player during the 1920s, who later became a Hollywood motion picture actor and stunt performer for over forty years...

     as Hal Duncan/Brice/Kern (doubling Walter Reed
    Walter Reed
    Major Walter Reed, M.D., was a U.S. Army physician who in 1900 led the team that postulated and confirmed the theory that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species, rather than by direct contact...

    )
  • Tom Steele
    Tom Steele (stuntman)
    Tom Steele was a stunt man and actor, best remembered for appearing in serials, especially those produced by Republic Pictures, in both capacities.-Early life:...

     as Regan/Armstrong/Brandt/Warehouse Thug (doubling Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     & Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

    )
  • Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker was a stuntman and actor who appeared in many classic films, mostly westerns and horror films...

     as Payne
  • Duke Taylor as Kirk
  • David Sharpe

Theatrical

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legions official release date is 4 July 1951, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges.

This was followed by a re-release of Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor is a Republic Movie serial, based on the novel by Ewart Adamson.-Cast:*Kane Richmond as Jim Marsden*Kay Aldridge as Patricia Harding*Roy Barcroft as Carter *Clancy Cooper as Yank*Marshall J...

, re-titled as Pirates' Harbor, instead of a new serial. The next new serial, Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon is the first Commando Cody serial, in 12 chapters, starring newcomer George Wallace as Cody and Aline Towne as his sidekick Joan Gilbert, with serial veteran Roy Barcroft as the evil Retik, the Ruler of the Moon. The director was Fred C...

, followed in 1952.

Chapter titles

  1. River of Fire (20 min)
  2. The Stolen Corpse (13 min 20s)
  3. The Death Drop (13 min 20s)
  4. Doorway to Doom (13 min 20s)
  5. Deadline for Disaster (13 min 20s)
  6. Mechanical Homicide (13 min 20s)
  7. The Flaming Highway (13 min 20s)
  8. Sea Saboteurs (13 min 20s)
  9. Peril Underground (13 min 20s)
  10. Execution by Accident (13 min 20s) - a re-cap chapter
  11. Perilous Plunge (13 min 20s)
  12. Blazing Retribution (13 min 20s)

Source:

External links

Government Agents vs Phantom Legion (1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

) is a 12-chapter American black-and-white
Black-and-white
Black-and-white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, is a term referring to a number of monochrome forms in visual arts.Black-and-white as a description is also something of a misnomer, for in addition to black and white, most of these media included varying shades of gray...

 film serial produced and distributed by Republic Pictures Corporation
Republic Pictures
Republic Pictures was an independent film production-distribution corporation with studio facilities, operating from 1934 through 1959, and was best known for specializing in westerns, movie serials and B films emphasizing mystery and action....

 in 1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

. It is an original, studio-commissioned screenplay by Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson was an American screenwriter. He was born in Arizona and died in San Diego, California.Ronald Davidson started his career as a short story writer and in 1943 was appointed as story editor for Republic Studios movie serials and some feature films...

, produced by Franklin Adreon
Franklin Adreon
Franklin "Pete" Adreon was an American film and television director, producer, screenwriter, and actor.-Early life and career:...

 and directed by Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon was an American film director of the 1940s and 1950s.He directed over 40 films between 1945 and his death.His first film The Purple Monster Strikes in 1945 was co-directed with Spencer Gordon Bennett....

, and presents a combined international intrigue-action
Action genre
The word action has more than one meaning in fiction. Action is one of the fiction-writing modes authors use to present fiction. The term is also used to describe an exiting event or circumstance.-Action as a fiction-writing mode:...

 genres story involving interstate shipments of products critical to national security being hijacked by a gang of foreign agents.

Plot

Two US government agents, Hal Duncan and Sam Bradley, must prevent agents of a foreign power, led by Regan and Cady, from hijacking trucks and stealing defence materials being transported by truck. They are hired by an interstate trucking
association whose constituent truck lines have been principal targets of the hijacking, and it becomes evident that one of the four directors of the association - Armstrong, Crandall, Thompson or Willard - is the secret leader of this gang and provides them with
shipment and route information necessary for the gang's successes.

Cast

  • Walter Reed
    Walter Reed (actor)
    Walter Reed was an American stage, film and television actor. He was born in Fort Ward, Washington. Following a stint as a Broadway actor, Reed broke into films in 1941...

     as Hal Duncan
  • Mary Ellen Kay as Kay Roberts
  • Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     as Regan
  • Fred Coby as Cady
  • John Pickard
    John Pickard
    John Pickard may refer to:* John Pickard , Canadian businessman and politician* John Pickard , British composer of classical music* John Pickard , British actor...

     as Sam Bradley
  • Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

     as Armstrong
  • Arthur Space
    Arthur Space
    Charles Arthur Space was an American film, television and stage actor. He was best known as Doc Weaver in the long running television series, Lassie.-Career:...

     as Crandall
  • Mauritz Hugo as Thompson
  • George Meeker
    George Meeker
    George Meeker was an American character movie and Broadway actor who became more of a legend off-camera than on. Meeker made several movies such as Crime Inc. , and Thief in the Dark and played an uncredited part in All Through the Night .Meeker has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.-External...

     as Willard

Production

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legion was budgeted at $153,083 although the final negative cost
Negative cost
Negative cost is the cost of actually producing and shooting a film. It does not include such costs as distribution and promotion.Low-budget movies, for example The Blair Witch Project, can have promotional expenses that are much larger than the negative cost.The term comes from the costs up to the...

 was $153,612 (a $529, or 0.3%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic serial of 1951.

It was filmed between 1 May and 23 May 1951 under the working title
Working title
A working title, sometimes called a production title, is the temporary name of a product or project used during its development, usually used in filmmaking, television production, novel, video game, or music album.-Purpose:...

 Government Agents vs. Underground Legion. The serial's production number was 1931.

Special Effects

All special effects in Government Agents vs Phantom Legion were produced by Republic's in-house team, the Lydecker brothers
Lydecker brothers
-Partial filmography:*Darkest Africa *Women in War - Oscar nominated*Adventures of Captain Marvel *Flying Tigers - Oscar nominated*Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe...

.

Stunts

  • Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Harris Van Sickel was an American college football, basketball and baseball player during the 1920s, who later became a Hollywood motion picture actor and stunt performer for over forty years...

     as Hal Duncan/Brice/Kern (doubling Walter Reed
    Walter Reed
    Major Walter Reed, M.D., was a U.S. Army physician who in 1900 led the team that postulated and confirmed the theory that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species, rather than by direct contact...

    )
  • Tom Steele
    Tom Steele (stuntman)
    Tom Steele was a stunt man and actor, best remembered for appearing in serials, especially those produced by Republic Pictures, in both capacities.-Early life:...

     as Regan/Armstrong/Brandt/Warehouse Thug (doubling Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     & Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

    )
  • Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker was a stuntman and actor who appeared in many classic films, mostly westerns and horror films...

     as Payne
  • Duke Taylor as Kirk
  • David Sharpe

Theatrical

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legions official release date is 4 July 1951, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges.

This was followed by a re-release of Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor is a Republic Movie serial, based on the novel by Ewart Adamson.-Cast:*Kane Richmond as Jim Marsden*Kay Aldridge as Patricia Harding*Roy Barcroft as Carter *Clancy Cooper as Yank*Marshall J...

, re-titled as Pirates' Harbor, instead of a new serial. The next new serial, Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon is the first Commando Cody serial, in 12 chapters, starring newcomer George Wallace as Cody and Aline Towne as his sidekick Joan Gilbert, with serial veteran Roy Barcroft as the evil Retik, the Ruler of the Moon. The director was Fred C...

, followed in 1952.

Chapter titles

  1. River of Fire (20 min)
  2. The Stolen Corpse (13 min 20s)
  3. The Death Drop (13 min 20s)
  4. Doorway to Doom (13 min 20s)
  5. Deadline for Disaster (13 min 20s)
  6. Mechanical Homicide (13 min 20s)
  7. The Flaming Highway (13 min 20s)
  8. Sea Saboteurs (13 min 20s)
  9. Peril Underground (13 min 20s)
  10. Execution by Accident (13 min 20s) - a re-cap chapter
  11. Perilous Plunge (13 min 20s)
  12. Blazing Retribution (13 min 20s)

Source:

External links

Government Agents vs Phantom Legion (1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

) is a 12-chapter American black-and-white
Black-and-white
Black-and-white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, is a term referring to a number of monochrome forms in visual arts.Black-and-white as a description is also something of a misnomer, for in addition to black and white, most of these media included varying shades of gray...

 film serial produced and distributed by Republic Pictures Corporation
Republic Pictures
Republic Pictures was an independent film production-distribution corporation with studio facilities, operating from 1934 through 1959, and was best known for specializing in westerns, movie serials and B films emphasizing mystery and action....

 in 1951
1951 in film
The year 1951 in film involved some significant events.-Events:* Sweden - May Britt is scouted by Italian film-makers Carlo Ponti and Mario Soldati-Top grossing films : After theatrical re-issue- Awards :Academy Awards:...

. It is an original, studio-commissioned screenplay by Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson
Ronald Davidson was an American screenwriter. He was born in Arizona and died in San Diego, California.Ronald Davidson started his career as a short story writer and in 1943 was appointed as story editor for Republic Studios movie serials and some feature films...

, produced by Franklin Adreon
Franklin Adreon
Franklin "Pete" Adreon was an American film and television director, producer, screenwriter, and actor.-Early life and career:...

 and directed by Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon
Fred C. Brannon was an American film director of the 1940s and 1950s.He directed over 40 films between 1945 and his death.His first film The Purple Monster Strikes in 1945 was co-directed with Spencer Gordon Bennett....

, and presents a combined international intrigue-action
Action genre
The word action has more than one meaning in fiction. Action is one of the fiction-writing modes authors use to present fiction. The term is also used to describe an exiting event or circumstance.-Action as a fiction-writing mode:...

 genres story involving interstate shipments of products critical to national security being hijacked by a gang of foreign agents.

Plot

Two US government agents, Hal Duncan and Sam Bradley, must prevent agents of a foreign power, led by Regan and Cady, from hijacking trucks and stealing defence materials being transported by truck. They are hired by an interstate trucking
association whose constituent truck lines have been principal targets of the hijacking, and it becomes evident that one of the four directors of the association - Armstrong, Crandall, Thompson or Willard - is the secret leader of this gang and provides them with
shipment and route information necessary for the gang's successes.

Cast

  • Walter Reed
    Walter Reed (actor)
    Walter Reed was an American stage, film and television actor. He was born in Fort Ward, Washington. Following a stint as a Broadway actor, Reed broke into films in 1941...

     as Hal Duncan
  • Mary Ellen Kay as Kay Roberts
  • Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     as Regan
  • Fred Coby as Cady
  • John Pickard
    John Pickard
    John Pickard may refer to:* John Pickard , Canadian businessman and politician* John Pickard , British composer of classical music* John Pickard , British actor...

     as Sam Bradley
  • Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

     as Armstrong
  • Arthur Space
    Arthur Space
    Charles Arthur Space was an American film, television and stage actor. He was best known as Doc Weaver in the long running television series, Lassie.-Career:...

     as Crandall
  • Mauritz Hugo as Thompson
  • George Meeker
    George Meeker
    George Meeker was an American character movie and Broadway actor who became more of a legend off-camera than on. Meeker made several movies such as Crime Inc. , and Thief in the Dark and played an uncredited part in All Through the Night .Meeker has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.-External...

     as Willard

Production

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legion was budgeted at $153,083 although the final negative cost
Negative cost
Negative cost is the cost of actually producing and shooting a film. It does not include such costs as distribution and promotion.Low-budget movies, for example The Blair Witch Project, can have promotional expenses that are much larger than the negative cost.The term comes from the costs up to the...

 was $153,612 (a $529, or 0.3%, overspend). It was the cheapest Republic serial of 1951.

It was filmed between 1 May and 23 May 1951 under the working title
Working title
A working title, sometimes called a production title, is the temporary name of a product or project used during its development, usually used in filmmaking, television production, novel, video game, or music album.-Purpose:...

 Government Agents vs. Underground Legion. The serial's production number was 1931.

Special Effects

All special effects in Government Agents vs Phantom Legion were produced by Republic's in-house team, the Lydecker brothers
Lydecker brothers
-Partial filmography:*Darkest Africa *Women in War - Oscar nominated*Adventures of Captain Marvel *Flying Tigers - Oscar nominated*Commando Cody: Sky Marshal of the Universe...

.

Stunts

  • Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Van Sickel
    Dale Harris Van Sickel was an American college football, basketball and baseball player during the 1920s, who later became a Hollywood motion picture actor and stunt performer for over forty years...

     as Hal Duncan/Brice/Kern (doubling Walter Reed
    Walter Reed
    Major Walter Reed, M.D., was a U.S. Army physician who in 1900 led the team that postulated and confirmed the theory that yellow fever is transmitted by a particular mosquito species, rather than by direct contact...

    )
  • Tom Steele
    Tom Steele (stuntman)
    Tom Steele was a stunt man and actor, best remembered for appearing in serials, especially those produced by Republic Pictures, in both capacities.-Early life:...

     as Regan/Armstrong/Brandt/Warehouse Thug (doubling Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis
    Dick Curtis was an American actor who made over 230 film and television appearances during his career.-Career:Curtis was born Richard Dye in Newport, Kentucky. A tall, hulking actor, standing at 6' 3", Curtis appeared in films stretching from Charles Starrett to The Three Stooges. In most of his...

     & Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden
    Pierce Lyden was an American actor best known for his work in television and film Westerns.-Early life:Pierce Lyden was born in a sod house on a ranch near Hildreth in rural Franklin County, Nebraska, on January 8, 1908. Son of a horse buyer for the U.S...

    )
  • Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker
    Eddie Parker was a stuntman and actor who appeared in many classic films, mostly westerns and horror films...

     as Payne
  • Duke Taylor as Kirk
  • David Sharpe

Theatrical

Government Agents vs. Phantom Legions official release date is 4 July 1951, although this is actually the date the sixth chapter was made available to film exchanges.

This was followed by a re-release of Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor
Haunted Harbor is a Republic Movie serial, based on the novel by Ewart Adamson.-Cast:*Kane Richmond as Jim Marsden*Kay Aldridge as Patricia Harding*Roy Barcroft as Carter *Clancy Cooper as Yank*Marshall J...

, re-titled as Pirates' Harbor, instead of a new serial. The next new serial, Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon
Radar Men from the Moon is the first Commando Cody serial, in 12 chapters, starring newcomer George Wallace as Cody and Aline Towne as his sidekick Joan Gilbert, with serial veteran Roy Barcroft as the evil Retik, the Ruler of the Moon. The director was Fred C...

, followed in 1952.

Chapter titles

  1. River of Fire (20 min)
  2. The Stolen Corpse (13 min 20s)
  3. The Death Drop (13 min 20s)
  4. Doorway to Doom (13 min 20s)
  5. Deadline for Disaster (13 min 20s)
  6. Mechanical Homicide (13 min 20s)
  7. The Flaming Highway (13 min 20s)
  8. Sea Saboteurs (13 min 20s)
  9. Peril Underground (13 min 20s)
  10. Execution by Accident (13 min 20s) - a re-cap chapter
  11. Perilous Plunge (13 min 20s)
  12. Blazing Retribution (13 min 20s)

Source:

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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