Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Encyclopedia
The Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union
. It was formed on 1 June 1922 as the Oyrot Autonomous Region and became the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
on 7 January 1948. It was upgraded to the level of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 October 1990, and was declared a Soviet Socialist Republic on 3 July 1991, although it was not recognised as one. It became the Altai Republic
on 31 March 1992. Its capital was Gorno-Altaysk
. Agriculture is the main occupation for most of the inhabitants. Like the modern Altai Republic, the Gorno-Altai ASSR shared its international border with the People's Republic of China
.
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
and some of the other republics also contained administrative subdivisions with boundaries drawn according to nationality
or language
. The three kinds of such subdivisions included twenty autonomous republics, eight autonomous oblasts
, and ten autonomous okruga
.
gained power in 1917. From 1922 to 1947 Gorno-Altai was called the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast. It was renamed to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast in 1948, and was renamed again to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1990. It was renamed to the Gorno-Altai Republic on 3 July 1991, and became the Altai Republic on 31 March 1992. It is now a federal subject of the Russian Federation.
When the region became the Oyrot Autonomous Region in 1922, the region's capital was originally called Ulala. In 1928 Ulala was renamed to Oyrot-Tura in 1932. However, in 1948 the state changed the name of the region to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
. With it, Ulala was again renamed, this time to Gorno-Altaysk.
was founded in 1949, with only 10 teachers. In 1993 it became a classical university.
states that ethnic Russians
make up 60.4% of Gorno-Altai's population, with the ethnic Altai people at 33.5%. Other groups include Kazakhs
(5.6%) and several smaller groups, accounting for less than 5% of the population when put together. Comparing it to the 2002 census
, the ethnic Altais have significantly increased in numbers.
, but in 1904 a new religion, Burkhanism
(the "white faith"), had pervaded the community of native Altaians. Burkhanism helped to encourage anti-Russian
feelings and was consequently banned by the Communist Party in the 1930s.
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. It was formed on 1 June 1922 as the Oyrot Autonomous Region and became the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
The Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast It was upgraded into an ASSR in 1991, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It corresponds to the current Altai Republic....
on 7 January 1948. It was upgraded to the level of Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 25 October 1990, and was declared a Soviet Socialist Republic on 3 July 1991, although it was not recognised as one. It became the Altai Republic
Altai Republic
Altai Republic is a federal subject of Russia . Its capital is the town of Gorno-Altaysk. The area of the republic is . Population: -Geography:...
on 31 March 1992. Its capital was Gorno-Altaysk
Gorno-Altaysk
Gorno-Altaysk is the capital town of the Altai Republic, Russia, situated east of Moscow. Population: This only town of the republic lies in a narrow Mayma Valley in the foothills of the Altay Mountains...
. Agriculture is the main occupation for most of the inhabitants. Like the modern Altai Republic, the Gorno-Altai ASSR shared its international border with the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
.
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
and some of the other republics also contained administrative subdivisions with boundaries drawn according to nationality
Nationality
Nationality is membership of a nation or sovereign state, usually determined by their citizenship, but sometimes by ethnicity or place of residence, or based on their sense of national identity....
or language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
. The three kinds of such subdivisions included twenty autonomous republics, eight autonomous oblasts
Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union were administrative units created for a number of smaller nations, which were given autonomy within the republics of the Soviet Union.-Azerbaijan SSR:*Nagorno-Karabakh AO -Byelorussian SSR:...
, and ten autonomous okruga
Autonomous okrug
Autonomous okrug is a term for an administrative country subdivision in Russia. The term was also used in the Soviet Union.- See also :* Okrug* Autonomous okrugs of Russia* Autonomous okrugs of the Soviet Union...
.
History
The CommunistsCommunism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
gained power in 1917. From 1922 to 1947 Gorno-Altai was called the Oyrot Autonomous Oblast. It was renamed to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast in 1948, and was renamed again to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1990. It was renamed to the Gorno-Altai Republic on 3 July 1991, and became the Altai Republic on 31 March 1992. It is now a federal subject of the Russian Federation.
When the region became the Oyrot Autonomous Region in 1922, the region's capital was originally called Ulala. In 1928 Ulala was renamed to Oyrot-Tura in 1932. However, in 1948 the state changed the name of the region to the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast
The Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast It was upgraded into an ASSR in 1991, shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It corresponds to the current Altai Republic....
. With it, Ulala was again renamed, this time to Gorno-Altaysk.
Education
The Gorno-Altaisk State UniversityGorno-Altaisk State University
- History :Gorno-Altaisk State University was founded in 1949 as the Pedagogical Institute. It is located in Gorno-Altaisk, Russia. In 1993 it was given the status of a classical University...
was founded in 1949, with only 10 teachers. In 1993 it became a classical university.
Ethnic groups
The 1989 censusSoviet Census (1989)
The 1989 Soviet census, conducted between January 12-19 of that year, was the last one conducted in the former USSR. It resulted in a total population of 286,730,819 inhabitants...
states that ethnic Russians
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
make up 60.4% of Gorno-Altai's population, with the ethnic Altai people at 33.5%. Other groups include Kazakhs
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
(5.6%) and several smaller groups, accounting for less than 5% of the population when put together. Comparing it to the 2002 census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
, the ethnic Altais have significantly increased in numbers.
| 1989 census | 2002 census | |
|---|---|---|
| Altai people | 59,130 (31.0%) | 67,745 (33.5%) |
| Russians Russians The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries.... |
115,188 (60.4%) | 116,510 (57.4%) |
| Kazakhs Kazakhs The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia .... |
10,692 (5.6%) | 12,108 (6.0%) |
| Other people | 5,821 (3.1%) | 6,443 (3.2%) |
Religion
Some Altai people converted to ChristianityChristianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
, but in 1904 a new religion, Burkhanism
Burkhanism
Burkhanism or Ak Jang is a new religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region between 1904 and the 1930s. Czarist Russia was suspicious of the movement's potential to stir up native unrest and perhaps involve outside powers...
(the "white faith"), had pervaded the community of native Altaians. Burkhanism helped to encourage anti-Russian
Russophobia
Russophobia refers to a diverse spectrum of prejudices, dislikes or fears of Russia, Russians, or Russian culture. Its opposite is Russophilia....
feelings and was consequently banned by the Communist Party in the 1930s.
Government
This table includes the heads in the time period of Gorno-Altai being an ASSR.| Position | Term Length | Officeholder |
|---|---|---|
| First Secretary of the Gorno-Altai Communist Party | 1990–1991 | Valery Chaptynov Valery Chaptynov Valery I. Chaptynov was a Russian politician. He was the first Head of the Altai Republic, the first Member of the Federation Council from the Altai Republic, and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet and First Secretary of the Gorno-Altai Communist Party for the duration of the... |
| Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet | 1990–1991 | Valery Chaptynov |
| Chairman of the Executive Committee | 1990–1992 | Vladimir Petrov |