Glue language
Encyclopedia
A glue language is a programming language
(usually a scripting language
) used for connecting software components together.
Examples of glue languages:
Extended macro
languages which are exposed to operating system components and those of other programmes including Visual Basic for Applications
, WordBasic, LotusScript
, CorelScript, PerfectScript, Hummingbird Basic and QuickScript, SaxBasic and WinWrap Basic
as well as other tools like awk can also be considered glue languages, as can any language implemented by an ActiveX
WSH engine (VBScript, JScript and VBA by default in Windows and third-party engines including implementations of Rexx, Perl, Tcl, Python, XSLT, Ruby, Delphi, &c) A majority of applications can access and use operating system components via the object model
s or its own functions.
Other devices like programmable calculators may also have glue languages; the operating systems of PDAs such as Windows CE may have available native or third-party macro tools which glue applications together in addition to implementations of common glue languages -- including Windows NT, MS-DOS and some Unix shells, Rexx, PHP, and Perl. Depending upon the OS version, WSH and the default script engines (VBScript and JScript) are available.
Programmable calculators can be programmed in glue languages in three ways:
for example the TI-92 by factory default can be programmed by a Command Script language -- the inclusion of the scripting and glue language Lua
in the TI-NSpire series of calculators could be seen as the successor to and incrementation upon this. The primary on-board high-level programming languages of most graphing calculators (most often Basic variants, also available have been derivatives of Lisp, and more uncommonly of C) in many cases can glue together functions of the calculators such as graphs, lists, matrices, and the like. Third-party implementations of more comprehensive versions of Basic which may or may not come closer to variants listed as glue languages in this article are available and attempts to implement Perl, Rexx, or the various operating system shells on the TI and HP graphing calculators are also mentioned. PC-based C cross-compilers for some of the TI and HP machines used in conjunction with tools which convert betwixt C and Perl, Rexx, awk, as well as shell scripts to Perl, VBScript to and from Perl make it possible to write a programme in a glue language for eventual implementation (as a compiled programme) on the calculator.
Programming language
A programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely....
(usually a scripting language
Scripting language
A scripting language, script language, or extension language is a programming language that allows control of one or more applications. "Scripts" are distinct from the core code of the application, as they are usually written in a different language and are often created or at least modified by the...
) used for connecting software components together.
Examples of glue languages:
- UnixUnixUnix is a multitasking, multi-user computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs, including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, Brian Kernighan, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna...
Shell scriptShell scriptA shell script is a script written for the shell, or command line interpreter, of an operating system. It is often considered a simple domain-specific programming language...
s (kshKorn shellThe Korn shell is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14, 1983. Other early contributors were AT&T Bell Labs developers Mike Veach, who wrote the emacs code, and Pat Sullivan, who wrote the vi code...
, cshC shellThe C shell is a Unix shell that was created by Bill Joy while a graduate student at University of California, Berkeley in the late 1970s. It has been distributed widely, beginning with the 2BSD release of the BSD Unix system that Joy began distributing in 1978...
, bash, shBourne shellThe Bourne shell, or sh, was the default Unix shell of Unix Version 7 and most Unix-like systems continue to have /bin/sh - which will be the Bourne shell, or a symbolic link or hard link to a compatible shell - even when more modern shells are used by most users.Developed by Stephen Bourne at AT&T...
and others) - Windows NTWindows NTWindows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993. It was a powerful high-level-language-based, processor-independent, multiprocessing, multiuser operating system with features comparable to Unix. It was intended to complement...
type Shell scripts (CMD.exeCmd.exeCommand Prompt is the Microsoft-supplied command-line interpreter on OS/2, Windows CE and on Windows NT-based operating systems...
) - Windows PowerShell
- MS-DOS and Windows 95 type Batch files (Command.comCOMMAND.COMCOMMAND.COM is the filename of the default operating system shell for DOS operating systems and the default command line interpreter on Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me...
); usefulness as glue language enhanced by QBasicQBasicQBasic is an IDE and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBASIC. Code entered into the IDE is compiled to an intermediate form, and this intermediate form is immediately interpreted on demand within the IDE. It can run under nearly all versions of DOS...
and DOSKeyDOSKeyDOSKey is a utility for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows that adds command history, macro functionality, and improved editing features to the command line interpreters COMMAND.COM and cmd.exe... - OS/2 batch files and shell scripts
- KixtartKiXtartKiXtart is a free-format scripting language for Windows. It is described as a logon script processor and enhanced batch scripting language by the official website. Its name is a portmanteau of "kick start".-Overview:...
- 4NT4NTTake Command Console , formerly known as 4DOS for Windows NT and 4NT, is a command line interpreter by JP Software, designed as a substitute for the default command interpreter in Microsoft Windows...
- 4DOS4DOS4DOS is a command line interpreter by JP Software, designed to replace the default command interpreter COMMAND.COM in DOS and Windows 95/98/Me. The 4DOS family of programs are meant to replace the default command processor. 4OS2 and 4NT replace CMD.EXE in OS/2 and Windows NT respectively...
- 4OS/24OS/24OS2 is the OS/2 analogue of 4NT and 4DOS by JP Software inc. JP Software discontinued 4OS2, TCMDOS2 and TCMD16, making version 3.0, 2.0, 2.0 the final version of these...
- Take CommandTake Command (command line interpreter)Take Command was the name that JP Software used for their GUI command line interpreters for Windows 3.1 , Windows 32-bit and later OS/2 Presentation Manager . These were released concurrently with version 4DOS 5.5, 4NT 2.5 and 4OS2 2.52...
- Norton UtilitiesNorton UtilitiesNorton Utilities is a utility software suite designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. The current version 15 of Norton Utilities Premier Edition for Windows XP/Vista/7 was released December 27, 2010....
NDOS (a 4DOS4DOS4DOS is a command line interpreter by JP Software, designed to replace the default command interpreter COMMAND.COM in DOS and Windows 95/98/Me. The 4DOS family of programs are meant to replace the default command processor. 4OS2 and 4NT replace CMD.EXE in OS/2 and Windows NT respectively...
variant) - DCLDCL- Organizations :* Detroit College of Law, now known as Michigan State University College of Law* Data Connection Ltd, see Metaswitch* Disney Cruise Line, a cruise line company * Distillers Company Limited, a producer of spirits...
- JCLJCLJCL may refer to:Business:*Juniperus Capital Limited, a Bermuda-based hedge fundComputing:* Job Control Language, a scripting language used on IBM mainframe operating systems* Java Class Library* Java Constraints Library...
- m4M4 (computer language)m4 is a general purpose macro processor designed by Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. m4 is an extension of an earlier macro processor m3, written by Ritchie for the AP-3 minicomputer.-Use:...
- VBScriptVBScriptVBScript is an Active Scripting language developed by Microsoft that is modeled on Visual Basic. It is designed as a “lightweight” language with a fast interpreter for use in a wide variety of Microsoft environments...
- JScriptJScriptJScript is a scripting language based on the ECMAScript standard that is used in Microsoft's Internet Explorer.JScript is implemented as a Windows Script engine. This means that it can be "plugged in" to any application that supports Windows Script, such as Internet Explorer, Active Server Pages,...
and JavaScriptJavaScriptJavaScript is a prototype-based scripting language that is dynamic, weakly typed and has first-class functions. It is a multi-paradigm language, supporting object-oriented, imperative, and functional programming styles.... - AppleScriptAppleScriptAppleScript is a scripting language created by Apple Inc. and built into Macintosh operating systems since System 7. The term "AppleScript" may refer to the scripting system itself, or to particular scripts that are written in the AppleScript language....
- PythonPython (programming language)Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive...
- Ruby
- LuaLua programming languageLua is a lightweight multi-paradigm programming language designed as a scripting language with extensible semantics as a primary goal. Lua has a relatively simple C API compared to other scripting languages.- History :...
- TclTclTcl is a scripting language created by John Ousterhout. Originally "born out of frustration", according to the author, with programmers devising their own languages intended to be embedded into applications, Tcl gained acceptance on its own...
- PerlPerlPerl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular...
- PHPPHPPHP is a general-purpose server-side scripting language originally designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. For this purpose, PHP code is embedded into the HTML source document and interpreted by a web server with a PHP processor module, which generates the web page document...
- PurePure (programming language)Pure is a dynamically typed, functional programming language based on term rewriting. It has facilities for user-defined operator syntax, macros, multiple-precision numbers, and compilation to native code through the LLVM...
- REXXREXXREXX is an interpreted programming language that was developed at IBM. It is a structured high-level programming language that was designed to be both easy to learn and easy to read...
- XSLTXSLTXSLT is a declarative, XML-based language used for the transformation of XML documents. The original document is not changed; rather, a new document is created based on the content of an existing one. The new document may be serialized by the processor in standard XML syntax or in another format,...
- Operating system desktop macro languages such as the Windows 3.11 Macro Recorder and various tools for Windows CE versions and implementations.
Extended macro
Macro
A macro in computer science is a rule or pattern that specifies how a certain input sequence should be mapped to an output sequence according to a defined procedure...
languages which are exposed to operating system components and those of other programmes including Visual Basic for Applications
Visual Basic for Applications
Visual Basic for Applications is an implementation of Microsoft's event-driven programming language Visual Basic 6 and its associated integrated development environment , which are built into most Microsoft Office applications...
, WordBasic, LotusScript
LotusScript
LotusScript is a dialect of the BASIC programming language used by Lotus Notes and other IBM Lotus Software products.LotusScript is very similar to Visual Basic. Code can often be copied without modification from one to the other, and programmers familiar with one can easily understand the syntax...
, CorelScript, PerfectScript, Hummingbird Basic and QuickScript, SaxBasic and WinWrap Basic
WinWrap Basic
WinWrap Basic by Polar Engineering and Consulting is a third-party macro language based on Visual Basic used with programmes of various types which its vendor touts as an alternative to ActiveX , Visual Basic for Applications, and VSTA for this purpose...
as well as other tools like awk can also be considered glue languages, as can any language implemented by an ActiveX
ActiveX
ActiveX is a framework for defining reusable software components in a programming language-independent way. Software applications can then be composed from one or more of these components in order to provide their functionality....
WSH engine (VBScript, JScript and VBA by default in Windows and third-party engines including implementations of Rexx, Perl, Tcl, Python, XSLT, Ruby, Delphi, &c) A majority of applications can access and use operating system components via the object model
Object model
In computing, object model has two related but distinct meanings:# The properties of objects in general in a specific computer programming language, technology, notation or methodology that uses them. For example, the Java objects model, the COM object model, or the object model of OMT...
s or its own functions.
Other devices like programmable calculators may also have glue languages; the operating systems of PDAs such as Windows CE may have available native or third-party macro tools which glue applications together in addition to implementations of common glue languages -- including Windows NT, MS-DOS and some Unix shells, Rexx, PHP, and Perl. Depending upon the OS version, WSH and the default script engines (VBScript and JScript) are available.
Programmable calculators can be programmed in glue languages in three ways:
for example the TI-92 by factory default can be programmed by a Command Script language -- the inclusion of the scripting and glue language Lua
Lua
Lua may refer to:* Lua , a Roman goddess* Lua , a traditional Hawaiian martial art* Lua , a lightweight, extensible programming language* Lua , a single by the folk rock band Bright Eyes...
in the TI-NSpire series of calculators could be seen as the successor to and incrementation upon this. The primary on-board high-level programming languages of most graphing calculators (most often Basic variants, also available have been derivatives of Lisp, and more uncommonly of C) in many cases can glue together functions of the calculators such as graphs, lists, matrices, and the like. Third-party implementations of more comprehensive versions of Basic which may or may not come closer to variants listed as glue languages in this article are available and attempts to implement Perl, Rexx, or the various operating system shells on the TI and HP graphing calculators are also mentioned. PC-based C cross-compilers for some of the TI and HP machines used in conjunction with tools which convert betwixt C and Perl, Rexx, awk, as well as shell scripts to Perl, VBScript to and from Perl make it possible to write a programme in a glue language for eventual implementation (as a compiled programme) on the calculator.