Glashütten bei Schlaining
Encyclopedia
Glashütten bei Schlaining (Hungarian
: Szalónakhuta) is an Austria
n dependent hamlet in the federal state of Burgenland
. Situated in the municipality of Unterkohlstätten
within Oberwart
district, the official Hungarian placename until 1899 was Szalonok-Üveghuta.
The village is situated on a narrow road in a forested area of the Kőszeg Mountains
12 km from Oberwart (Hungarian
: Felsőőr). The road forms a part of the paved 19-km bicycle path
(B 58–Kohlstatt) that also takes in Goberling, Unterkohlstätten
, Holzschlag (Hung.
: Vágod), Günseck (Hung.
: Gyöngyösfő) and Weissenbachl.
founded a glass factory there; the first official record of the village dates to 1698. The glass works were noted for the manufacture of a beautiful yellow glass resulting from the admixture of sulphur, but the glassmaking enterprise required enormous quantities of firewood, and both Glasshütten bei Schlaining and the nearby village of Günseck were required to supply the factory.
Since the 19th century the inhabitants have been mining metals, particularly antimony
but also pyrite
, chalcopyrite
and serpentinite
.
speakers, with a significant minority of Roma). Until the treaties of Trianon
and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Szalónakhuta belonged to the Kőszeg
subdivision of Vas district, Hungary
. By terms of the Treaty of Trianon, the village was ceded to Austria
in 1921, which was itself absorbed between 1938 and 1945 as part of Nazi Germany
.
A volunteer fire department was established in 1907 after five houses were consumed by flame on June 15 of that year. After World War II
the village was electrified
in 1951, and in 1958 a water supply system was brought in. The village was administratively attached to the township of Unterkohlstätten in 1971, and on May 7, 1995 a new firehall was opened.
, then known as Máriafalva, Glashütten became part of the Unterkohlstätten parish when its first Catholic church was built in 1801. The present Romanesque
church — dedicated to Saint Louis of Toulouse, whose cult had been much promoted in mediæval Europe by King Charles I of Hungary
(1307–1342) — was built in 1816; it was sheathed in asbestos
in 1906. In 1961 three bell
s were installed in the belfry.
The church was renovated in 1977 with a contribution of 240,000 schilling
s (17,500 euros or $23,150 US) from the church authorities in Eisenstadt
. In addition, a levy of 1,500 schillings (109 euros or $145 US) was demanded from each of the village's 25 houses, and the local population did 160 days of unpaid labour on the project.
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
: Szalónakhuta) is an Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
n dependent hamlet in the federal state of Burgenland
Burgenland
Burgenland is the easternmost and least populous state or Land of Austria. It consists of two Statutarstädte and seven districts with in total 171 municipalities. It is 166 km long from north to south but much narrower from west to east...
. Situated in the municipality of Unterkohlstätten
Unterkohlstätten
Unterkohlstätten is a town in the district of Oberwart in Burgenland in Austria....
within Oberwart
Oberwart
Oberwart or Felsőőr is a town in Burgenland in southeast Austria on the banks of the Pinka River, and the capital of the district of the same name...
district, the official Hungarian placename until 1899 was Szalonok-Üveghuta.
The village is situated on a narrow road in a forested area of the Kőszeg Mountains
Koszeg Mountains
Kőszeg Mountains is a mountain range in the Alpokalja area, the easternmost region of the Alps. The territory of the range is shared between Austria and Hungary. Its highest point is the Írott-kő with a height of 883 metres....
12 km from Oberwart (Hungarian
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
: Felsőőr). The road forms a part of the paved 19-km bicycle path
Cycling
Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport. Persons engaged in cycling are cyclists or bicyclists...
(B 58–Kohlstatt) that also takes in Goberling, Unterkohlstätten
Unterkohlstätten
Unterkohlstätten is a town in the district of Oberwart in Burgenland in Austria....
, Holzschlag (Hung.
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
: Vágod), Günseck (Hung.
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language, part of the Ugric group. With some 14 million speakers, it is one of the most widely spoken non-Indo-European languages in Europe....
: Gyöngyösfő) and Weissenbachl.
Glass works and mining industry
In 1658 Count Ádám BatthyányBatthyány
Batthyány is the name of an old distinguished Hungarian Magnate family. The members of this family bear the title count or countess respectively prince or princess Batthyány von Német-Ujvár...
founded a glass factory there; the first official record of the village dates to 1698. The glass works were noted for the manufacture of a beautiful yellow glass resulting from the admixture of sulphur, but the glassmaking enterprise required enormous quantities of firewood, and both Glasshütten bei Schlaining and the nearby village of Günseck were required to supply the factory.
Since the 19th century the inhabitants have been mining metals, particularly antimony
Antimony
Antimony is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite...
but also pyrite
Pyrite
The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, is an iron sulfide with the formula FeS2. This mineral's metallic luster and pale-to-normal, brass-yellow hue have earned it the nickname fool's gold because of its resemblance to gold...
, chalcopyrite
Chalcopyrite
Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. It has the chemical composition CuFeS2. It has a brassy to golden yellow color and a hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale. Its streak is diagnostic as green tinged black.On exposure to air, chalcopyrite...
and serpentinite
Serpentinite
Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals. Minerals in this group are formed by serpentinization, a hydration and metamorphic transformation of ultramafic rock from the Earth's mantle...
.
Modern history
An 1857 census records 35 houses in the hamlet and lists the name of the head of each household. In 1910 the population was 216 (mostly GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
speakers, with a significant minority of Roma). Until the treaties of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
and Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Szalónakhuta belonged to the Kőszeg
Koszeg
----Kőszeg is a town in Vas county, Hungary. The town is famous for its historical character.- History :The origins of the only free royal town in the historical garrison county of Vas go back to the third quarter of the 13th century...
subdivision of Vas district, Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
. By terms of the Treaty of Trianon, the village was ceded to Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
in 1921, which was itself absorbed between 1938 and 1945 as part of Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
.
A volunteer fire department was established in 1907 after five houses were consumed by flame on June 15 of that year. After World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
the village was electrified
Rural electrification
Rural electrification is the process of bringing electrical power to rural and remote areas. Electricity is used not only for lighting and household purposes, but it also allows for mechanization of many farming operations, such as threshing, milking, and hoisting grain for storage; in areas...
in 1951, and in 1958 a water supply system was brought in. The village was administratively attached to the township of Unterkohlstätten in 1971, and on May 7, 1995 a new firehall was opened.
Church of St. Louis
Originally part of the parish of MariasdorfMariasdorf
Mariasdorf is a town in the district of Oberwart in Burgenland in Austria....
, then known as Máriafalva, Glashütten became part of the Unterkohlstätten parish when its first Catholic church was built in 1801. The present Romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
church — dedicated to Saint Louis of Toulouse, whose cult had been much promoted in mediæval Europe by King Charles I of Hungary
Charles I of Hungary
Charles I , also known as Charles Robert , was the first King of Hungary and Croatia of the House of Anjou. He was also descended from the old Hungarian Árpád dynasty. His claim to the throne of Hungary was contested by several pretenders...
(1307–1342) — was built in 1816; it was sheathed in asbestos
Asbestos
Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals used commercially for their desirable physical properties. They all have in common their eponymous, asbestiform habit: long, thin fibrous crystals...
in 1906. In 1961 three bell
Church bell
A church bell is a bell which is rung in a church either to signify the hour or the time for worshippers to go to church, perhaps to attend a wedding, funeral, or other service...
s were installed in the belfry.
The church was renovated in 1977 with a contribution of 240,000 schilling
Austrian schilling
The schilling was the currency of Austria from 1924 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999, and the circulating currency until 2002. The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 schilling to replace it...
s (17,500 euros or $23,150 US) from the church authorities in Eisenstadt
Eisenstadt
- Politics :The current mayor of Eisenstadt is Andrea Fraunschiel ÖVP.The district council is composed as follows :* ÖVP: 17 seats* SPÖ: 8 seats* Austrian Green Party: 2 seats* FPÖ: 2 seats- Castles and palaces :...
. In addition, a levy of 1,500 schillings (109 euros or $145 US) was demanded from each of the village's 25 houses, and the local population did 160 days of unpaid labour on the project.