Ghost frogs
Encyclopedia
The Heleophrynidae, is a family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of order
Order (biology)
In scientific classification used in biology, the order is# a taxonomic rank used in the classification of organisms. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, family, genus, and species, with order fitting in between class and family...

 Anura, commonly known as ghost frogs. The family consists of a two genera, Heleophryne and Hadromophryne, with seven species. Ghost frogs live in swift-moving mountain streams in South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...

. The common name of "ghost frogs" may have been coined because of their occurrence in Skeleton Gorge.

Biology

Ghost frogs have morphological adaptation suited to surviving on the rocks around these streams. They are medium sized frogs, reaching a length of 6 centimetres (2.4 in), with flat bodies, enabling them to climb inside rocky crevices. They have very large toe discs in comparison to their size, which helps to cling onto rocks. The mouthparts of the tadpole
Tadpole
A tadpole or polliwog is the wholly aquatic larval stage in the life cycle of an amphibian, particularly that of a frog or toad.- Appellation :...

s are modified into a sucking disc, to allow them to cling to substrates, and remain still while they are feeding.

Taxonomy

The ghost frogs are closely related to the Sooglossidae
Sooglossidae
The Seychelles Frogs are a family of frogs found on the Seychelles Islands and India. Until recently this family was believed to include the genera Nesomantis and Sooglossus, but following a major revision of amphibians in 2006 the genus Nesomantis was named a junior synonym of Sooglossus;...

 family, which inhabit the Seychelles
Seychelles
Seychelles , officially the Republic of Seychelles , is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar....

. They may also be closely related to the Australian Myobatrachids
Myobatrachidae
Myobatrachidae is a family of frogs found in Australia and New Guinea. Members of this family vary greatly in size, from species less than long, to the second largest frog in Australia, the Giant Barred Frog , at in length...

.

Family HELEOPHRYNIDAE
  • Genus Hadromophryne Van Dijk, 2008
    • Natal Ghost Frog
      Natal Ghost Frog
      The Natal Ghost Frog is a species of frog in the Heleophrynidae family.It is found in Lesotho, South Africa, and Swaziland....

      , Hadromophryne natalensis Hewitt, 1913
  • Genus Heleophrynus Sclater, 1898
    • Cederberg Ghost Frog, Heleophryne depressa FitzSimons, 1946
    • Hewitt's Ghost Frog
      Hewitt's Ghost Frog
      The Hewitt's Ghost Frog is a species of frog in the Heleophrynidae family.It is endemic to South Africa.Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, temperate grassland, and rivers....

      , Heleophryne hewitti Boycott, 1988
    • Eastern Ghost Frog
      Eastern Ghost Frog
      The Eastern Ghost Frog is a species of frog in the Heleophrynidae family.It is endemic to South Africa.Its natural habitats are temperate forests, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, temperate grassland, and rivers....

      , Heleophryne orientalis FitzSimons, 1946
    • Purcell's Ghost Frog
      Purcell's Ghost Frog
      The Purcell's Ghost Frog is a species of frog in the Heleophrynidae family.It is endemic to South Africa.Its natural habitats are temperate forests, Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation, and rivers....

      , Heleophryne purcelli Sclater, 1898
    • Royal Ghost Frog
      Royal Ghost Frog
      The Royal Ghost Frog , also known as the Southern Ghost Frog or Cape Ghost Frog, is a species of frog in the Heleophrynidae family. It is endemic to South Africa, and lives in fast–moving freshwater streams....

      , Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1910
    • Table Mountain Ghost Frog, Heleophryne rosei Hewitt, 1925

EDGE endangered species

On January 21, 2008, Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) identified nature's most "weird, wonderful and endangered species", stating that "the EDGE amphibians are amongst the most remarkable and unusual species on the planet and yet an alarming 85% of the top 100 are receiving little or no conservation attention." Their top ten species included the ghost frogs.
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