Gheorghe I. Bratianu
Encyclopedia
Gheorghe I. Brătianu (February 3, 1898 – April 23-27 1953) was a Romania
n politician and historian. A member of the Brătianu family and initially affiliated with the National Liberal Party
, he broke away from the movement to create and lead the National Liberal Party-Brătianu
.
Born in Ruginoasa
, Baia County (nowadays in Iaşi County
) to Ion I.C. Brătianu and Maria Moruzi, he studied at the National High School of Iaşi. In 1916, he joined the Romanian Army as a volunteer, in order to fight in the World War I
Romanian Campaign. He fought on the Moldavia
n front in the summer of 1917, being wounded at Cireşoaia.
In 1917, Brătianu began studying Law at the University of Iaşi, from which he graduated in 1920. After obtaining a Ph.D. degree from the University of Cernăuţi
in 1923, he started teaching history at the University of Iaşi. He later pursued his history studies at the University of Paris
, from where he obtained a second Ph.D. degree in 1929, under the direction of Ferdinand Lot. In 1940, he became a history professor at the University of Bucharest
. In 1942, he was elected to the Romanian Academy
.
In 1947 he was placed under house arrest
by the communist authorities
. In May, 1950, he was arrested by the Securitate
, and sent to Sighet prison
without trial. He died there three years later under unknown circumstances.
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
n politician and historian. A member of the Brătianu family and initially affiliated with the National Liberal Party
National Liberal Party (Romania)
The National Liberal Party , abbreviated to PNL, is a centre-right liberal party in Romania. It is the third-largest party in the Romanian Parliament, with 53 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 22 in the Senate: behind the centre-right Democratic Liberal Party and the centre-left Social...
, he broke away from the movement to create and lead the National Liberal Party-Brătianu
National Liberal Party-Bratianu
The National Liberal Party-Brătianu was a right-wing political party in Romania, formed as a splinter group from the main liberal faction, the National Liberals. For its symbol, PNL-Brătianu chose three vertical bars, placed at equal distance from each other...
.
Born in Ruginoasa
Ruginoasa
Ruginoasa may refer to several places in Romania:* Ruginoasa, a commune in Iaşi County* Ruginoasa, a commune in Neamţ County* Ruginoasa, a village in Valea Iaşului Commune, Argeş County* Ruginoasa, a village in Brăeşti Commune, Buzău County...
, Baia County (nowadays in Iaşi County
Iasi County
Iași is a county of Romania, in Moldavia, with the administrative seat at Iași.-Demographics:As of 1 July 2007, Iași County had a population of 825,100, making it the second most populous county in Romania after Bucharest, with a population density of 150/km².*Romanians - 98.1%*Roma -...
) to Ion I.C. Brătianu and Maria Moruzi, he studied at the National High School of Iaşi. In 1916, he joined the Romanian Army as a volunteer, in order to fight in the World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
Romanian Campaign. He fought on the Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
n front in the summer of 1917, being wounded at Cireşoaia.
In 1917, Brătianu began studying Law at the University of Iaşi, from which he graduated in 1920. After obtaining a Ph.D. degree from the University of Cernăuţi
Chernivtsi University
The Chernivtsi National University is the leading Ukrainian institution for higher education in northern Bukovina, in Chernivtsi, a city in southwest Ukraine....
in 1923, he started teaching history at the University of Iaşi. He later pursued his history studies at the University of Paris
University of Paris
The University of Paris was a university located in Paris, France and one of the earliest to be established in Europe. It was founded in the mid 12th century, and officially recognized as a university probably between 1160 and 1250...
, from where he obtained a second Ph.D. degree in 1929, under the direction of Ferdinand Lot. In 1940, he became a history professor at the University of Bucharest
University of Bucharest
The University of Bucharest , in Romania, is a university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexander John Cuza to convert the former Saint Sava Academy into the current University of Bucharest.-Presentation:...
. In 1942, he was elected to the Romanian Academy
Romanian Academy
The Romanian Academy is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 acting members who are elected for life....
.
In 1947 he was placed under house arrest
House arrest
In justice and law, house arrest is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all...
by the communist authorities
Communist Romania
Communist Romania was the period in Romanian history when that country was a Soviet-aligned communist state in the Eastern Bloc, with the dominant role of Romanian Communist Party enshrined in its successive constitutions...
. In May, 1950, he was arrested by the Securitate
Securitate
The Securitate was the secret police agency of Communist Romania. Previously, the Romanian secret police was called Siguranţa Statului. Founded on August 30, 1948, with help from the Soviet NKVD, the Securitate was abolished in December 1989, shortly after President Nicolae Ceaușescu was...
, and sent to Sighet prison
Sighet prison
The Sighet prison, located in the town of Sighetu Marmaţiei, Maramureş county, Romania, was used by the communist regime to hold political prisoners...
without trial. He died there three years later under unknown circumstances.
Books
- Recherches sur le Commerce Génois dans le Mer Noire au XIIIe Siècle, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1929.
- Privilèges et franchises municipales dans l'Empire Byzantin, Paris, P. Geuthner; Bucharest, "Cultura naţională", 1936.
- Les Vénitiens dans la mer Noire au 14e siècle: la politique du sénat en 1332-33 et la notion de la latinité, Bucharest: Impr. Nat., 1939.
External links
- "Ion I.C. Brătianu şi Gheorghe I. Brătianu - Aspecte ale relaţiilor dintre tată şi fiu", by Aurel Pentelescu, Revista Argeş, year IV (38), nr. 1 (271), January 2005
- "Evocarea figurii academicianului Gheorghe I. Brătianu, la 100 de ani de la naştere", Nicolae Ionescu, speech at the Chamber of Deputies of RomaniaChamber of Deputies of RomaniaThe Chamber of Deputies is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. It has 315 seats, to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms...
, February 3, 1998